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We analyze the effect of pivotal structures (on a 2-category) on the planar algebra associated to a 1-cell as in \cite{Gho08} and come up with the notion of {\em perturbations of planar algebras by weights} (a concept that appeared earlier…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Paramita Das , Shamindra Kumar Ghosh , Ved Prakash Gupta

Generalizing Jones's notion of a planar algebra, we have previously introduced an A_2-planar algebra capturing the structure contained in the double complex pertaining to the subfactor for a finite SU(3) ADE graph with a flat cell system.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2011-05-30 David E. Evans , Mathew Pugh

Subfactor theory provides a tool to analyze and construct extensions of Quantum Field Theories, once the latter are formulated as local nets of von Neumann algebras. We generalize some of the results of [LR95] to the case of extensions with…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2018-04-11 Simone Del Vecchio , Luca Giorgetti

We prove a noncommutative Bader-Shalom factor theorem for lattices with dense projections in product groups. As an application of this result and our previous works, we obtain a noncommutative Margulis factor theorem for all irreducible…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Rémi Boutonnet , Cyril Houdayer

An operator $T$ in a separable factor $\mathcal{M}$ is said to be irreducible in $\mathcal{M}$ if the von Neumann subalgebra $W^*(T)$ generated by $T$ is an irreducible subfactor of $\mathcal{M}$, i.e., $W^*(T)'\cap\mathcal{M}=\mathbb{C}I$.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Minghui Ma , Rui Shi , Shanshan Yang

We establish a non-commutative version of the Intermediate Factor Theorem for crossed products associated with product lattices. Given an irreducible lattice $\Gamma < G= G_1 \times \dots \times G_d$ in higher rank semisimple algebraic…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Tattwamasi Amrutam , Yongle Jiang , Shuoxing Zhou

For an inclusion of the form $\Bbb C\subseteq M_n(\Bbb C)$, where $M_n(\Bbb C)$ is endowed with a state with diagonal weights $\lambda=(\lambda_1, ..., \lambda_n)$, we use Popa's construction, for non-tracial states, to obtain an…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florin G. Radulescu

Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a semifinite von Neumann algebra on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ equipped with a faithful normal semifinite trace $\tau$, $S(\mathcal{M},\tau)$ be the ${}^*$-algebra of all $\tau$-measurable operators. Let…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Airat M. Bikchentaev

We define a planar para algebra, which arises naturally from combining planar algebras with the idea of $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ para symmetry in physics. A subfactor planar para algebra is a Hilbert space representation of planar tangles with…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Arthur Jaffe , Zhengwei Liu

To a planar algebra P in the sense of Jones we associate a natural non- commutative ring, which can be viewed as the ring of non-commutative polynomials in several indeterminates, invariant under a symmetry encoded by P. We show that this…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2010-09-07 D. Shlyakhtenko

We consider normalizers of an irreducible inclusion $N\subseteq M$ of $\mathrm{II}_1$ factors. In the infinite index setting an inclusion $uNu^*\subseteq N$ can be strict, forcing us to also investigate the semigroup of one-sided…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Roger R. Smith , Stuart A. White , Alan D. Wiggins

We state a conjecture for the formulas of the depth 4 low-weight rotational eigenvectors and their corresponding eigenvalues for the $3^G$ subfactor planar algebras. We prove the conjecture in the case when $|G|$ is odd. To do so, we find…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2015-07-20 Zhengwei Liu , David Penneys

For a finite-index $\mathrm{II}_1$ subfactor $N \subset M$, we prove the existence of a universal Hopf $\ast$-algebra (or, a discrete quantum group in the analytic language) acting on $M$ in a trace-preserving fashion and fixing $N$…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Suvrajit Bhattacharjee , Alexandru Chirvasitu , Debashish Goswami

We show that the restriction functor from oriented factor planar algebras to subfactor planar algebras admits a left adjoint, which we call the free oriented extension functor. We show that for any subfactor planar algebra realized as the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Shamindra Kumar Ghosh , Corey Jones , B Madhav Reddy

We construct a class of II_1 factors M that admit unclassifiably many Cartan subalgebras in the sense that the equivalence relation of being conjugate by an automorphism of M is complete analytic, in particular non Borel. We also construct…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2012-08-20 An Speelman , Stefaan Vaes

A Krishnan-Sunder subfactor $R_U \ss R$ of index $k^2$ is constructed from a permutation biunitary matrix $U\in M_p(\mathbb{C})\otimes M_k(\mathbb{C})$, i.e. the entries of $U$ are either 0 or 1 and both $U$ and its block transpose are…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bina Bhattacharyya

We extend the Euler's totient function (from arithmetic) to any irreducible subfactor planar algebra, using the Mobius function of its biprojection lattice, as Hall did for the finite groups. We prove that if it is nonzero then there is a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2018-03-30 Sebastien Palcoux

Let $N \subset M$ be an irreducible inclusion of type type II$_1$ factors with finite Jones index. We shall introduce the notion of normality for intermediate subfactors of the inclusion $N \subset M$. If the depth of $N \subset M$ is 2,…

funct-an · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Tamotsu Teruya

To a semisimple and cosemisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field, we associate a planar algebra defined by generators and relations and show that it is a connected, irreducible, spherical, non-degenerate planar algebra with…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vijay Kodiyalam , V. S. Sunder

Let G be a group and let A be the algebra of complex functions on G with finite support. The product in G gives rise to a coproduct on A making it a multiplier Hopf algebra. In fact, because there exist integrals, we get an algebraic…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-02-22 L. Delvaux , A. Van Daele