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Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Richard Mandel , Corto Mascle , Georg Zetzsche

Benjamini and Kesten introduced in 1995 the problem of embedding infinite binary sequences into a Bernoulli percolation configuration, known as "percolation of words". We give a positive answer to their Open Problem 2: almost surely, all…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Pierre Nolin , Vincent Tassion , Augusto Teixeira

We show that the Word Problem in finitely generated subgroups of $\textsf{GL}_d(\mathbb{Z})$ can be solved in linear average-case complexity. This is done under the bit-complexity model, which accounts for the fact that large integers are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Frédérique Bassino , Cyril Nicaud , Pascal Weil

We introduced previously the generalized characteristic polynomial defined by $P_C(\lambda)={\rm det}\,C(\lambda),$ where $C(\lambda)=C+{\rm diag}\big(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n\big)$ for $C\in {\rm Mat}(n,\mathbb C)$ and…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-27 A. V. Kosyak

Acronym Disambiguation (AD) is crucial for natural language understanding on various sources, including biomedical reports, scientific papers, and search engine queries. However, existing acronym disambiguation benchmarks and tools are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Lihu Chen , Gaël Varoquaux , Fabian M. Suchanek

These lecture notes provide an introduction to combinatorics on words and its interactions with dynamics, algebra, and arithmetic. The central theme is the notion of low factor complexity for infinite words. We investigate the following…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Mélodie Andrieu

This paper studies the density of zero and one in subwords of the Fibonacci word with lengths less than thirty and compares them to the densities of their corresponding palindromes. We used computational methods to produce a sufficiently…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud

We consider questions related to the structure of infinite words (over an integer alphabet) with bounded additive complexity, i.e., words with the property that the number of distinct sums exhibited by factors of the same length is bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-24 Graham Banero

We prove results about subshifts with linear (word) complexity, meaning that $\limsup \frac{p(n)}{n} < \infty$, where for every $n$, $p(n)$ is the number of $n$-letter words appearing in sequences in the subshift. Denoting this limsup by…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-15 Darren Creutz , Ronnie Pavlov

A large family of words must contain two words that are similar. We investigate several problems where the measure of similarity is the length of a common subsequence. We construct a family of n^{1/3} permutations on n letters, such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Boris Bukh , Lidong Zhou

This paper examines the linear complexity of new generalized cyclotomic binary sequences of period $2p^n$ recently proposed by Yi Ouang et al. (arXiv:1808.08019v1 [cs.IT] 24 Aug 2018). We generalize results obtained by them and discuss…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-30 Vladimir Edemskiy

We introduce a generalization of Pascal triangle based on binomial coefficients of finite words. These coefficients count the number of times a word appears as a subsequence of another finite word. Similarly to the Sierpi\'nski gasket that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Julien Leroy , Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti

Prefix normal words are binary words that have no factor with more $1$s than the prefix of the same length. Finite prefix normal words were introduced in [Fici and Lipt\'ak, DLT 2011]. In this paper, we study infinite prefix normal words…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Ferdinando Cicalese , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Massimiliano Rossi

In this thesis, we study the place of regular languages within the communication complexity setting. In particular, we are interested in the non-deterministic communication complexity of regular languages. We show that a regular language…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-02-01 Anil Ada

This paper defines a new pseudometric for binary relations between finite sets that measures consensus among subsets. The main results are (1) a concise restatement of this pseudometric with an intuitively appealing interpretation via a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Kenneth P. Ewing , Michael Robinson

A prefix normal word is a binary word whose prefixes contain at least as many 1s as any of its factors of the same length. Introduced by Fici and Lipt\'ak in 2011 the notion of prefix normality is so far only defined for words over the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yannik Eikmeier , Pamela Fleischmann , Mitja Kulczynski , Dirk Nowotka

The factor complexity function $C_w(n)$ of a finite or infinite word $w$ counts the number of distinct factors of $w$ of length $n$ for each $n \ge 0$. A finite word $w$ of length $|w|$ is said to be trapezoidal if the graph of its factor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Amy Glen , Florence Levé

This work, shows how propositional resolution can be generalized to obtain a resolution proof system for constrained pseudo-propositional logic (CPPL), which is an extension resulted from inserting the natural numbers with few constraints…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Ahmad-Saher Azizi-Sultan

The rational base number system, introduced by Akiyama, Frougny, and Sakarovitch in 2008, is a generalization of the classical integer base number system. Within this framework two interesting families of infinite words emerge, called…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Mélodie Andrieu , Shalom Eliahou , Léo Vivion

The concepts of pseudocodeword and pseudoweight play a fundamental role in the finite-length analysis of LDPC codes. The pseudoredundancy of a binary linear code is defined as the minimum number of rows in a parity-check matrix such that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-08 Zihui Liu , Jens Zumbrägel , Marcus Greferath , Xin-Wen Wu