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The Bitcoin protocol prevents the occurrence of double-spending (DS), i.e. the utilization of the same currency unit more than once. At the same time a DS attack, where more conflicting transactions are generated, might be performed to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-21 Marco Alberto Javarone , Craig Steven Wright

In order to detect unknown intrusions and runtime errors of computer programs, the cyber-security community has developed various detection techniques. Anomaly detection is an approach that is designed to profile the normal runtime behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Byunggu Yu , Junwhan Kim

Motivated by the recent surge of criminal activities with cross-cryptocurrency trades, we introduce a new topological perspective to structural anomaly detection in dynamic multilayer networks. We postulate that anomalies in the underlying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Dorcas Ofori-Boateng , Ignacio Segovia Dominguez , Murat Kantarcioglu , Cuneyt G. Akcora , Yulia R. Gel

Bitcoin (BTC) is probably the most transparent payment network in the world, thanks to the full history of transactions available to the public. Though, Bitcoin is not a fully anonymous environment, rather a pseudonymous one, accounting for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Maurantonio Caprolu , Matteo Pontecorvi , Matteo Signorini , Carlos Segarra , Roberto Di Pietro

Due to their rapid growth and deployment, the Internet of things (IoT) have become a central aspect of our daily lives. Unfortunately, IoT devices tend to have many vulnerabilities which can be exploited by an attacker. Unsupervised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Yisroel Mirsky , Tomer Golomb , Yuval Elovici

Anomaly detection is the practice of identifying items or events that do not conform to an expected behavior or do not correlate with other items in a dataset. It has previously been applied to areas such as intrusion detection, system…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-01-31 James Zhang , Ilija Vukotic , Robert Gardner

Anti-money laundering (AML) regulations play a critical role in safeguarding financial systems, but bear high costs for institutions and drive financial exclusion for those on the socioeconomic and international margins. The advent of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Mark Weber , Giacomo Domeniconi , Jie Chen , Daniel Karl I. Weidele , Claudio Bellei , Tom Robinson , Charles E. Leiserson

Detecting a small number of outliers from a set of data observations is always challenging. This problem is more difficult in the setting of multiple network samples, where computing the anomalous degree of a network sample is generally not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Xuan-Hong Dang , Arlei Silva , Ambuj Singh , Ananthram Swami , Prithwish Basu

Network management and security is currently one of the most vibrant research areas, among which, research on detecting and identifying anomalies has attracted a lot of interest. Researchers are still struggling to find an effective and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-07-09 Huy Nguyen , Tam Van Nguyen , Dong Il Kim , Deokjai Choi

Blockchain transaction networks are complex, with evolving temporal patterns and inter-node relationships. To detect illicit activities, we propose a hybrid GCN-GRU model that captures both structural and sequential features. Using real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Gyuyeon Na , Minjung Park , Hyeonjeong Cha , Soyoun Kim , Sunyoung Moon , Sua Lee , Jaeyoung Choi , Hyemin Lee , Sangmi Chai

Anomaly detection is a method for discovering unusual and suspicious behavior. In many real-world scenarios, the examined events can be directly linked to the actions of an adversary, such as attacks on computer networks or frauds in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Olga Petrova , Karel Durkota , Galina Alperovich , Karel Horak , Michal Najman , Branislav Bosansky , Viliam Lisy

Anomaly detection has many applications ranging from bank-fraud detection and cyber-threat detection to equipment maintenance and health monitoring. However, choosing a suitable algorithm for a given application remains a challenging design…

Money laundering is a global phenomenon with wide-reaching social and economic consequences. Cryptocurrencies are particularly susceptible due to the lack of control by authorities and their anonymity. Thus, it is important to develop new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Catarina Oliveira , João Torres , Maria Inês Silva , David Aparício , João Tiago Ascensão , Pedro Bizarro

Anomalies in online social networks can signify irregular, and often illegal behaviour. Anomalies in online social networks can signify irregular, and often illegal behaviour. Detection of such anomalies has been used to identify malicious…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-08-02 David Savage , Xiuzhen Zhang , Xinghuo Yu , Pauline Chou , Qingmai Wang

Blockchain technology, a foundational distributed ledger system, enables secure and transparent multi-party transactions. Despite its advantages, blockchain networks are susceptible to anomalies and frauds, posing significant risks to their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Joerg Osterrieder , Stephen Chan , Jeffrey Chu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Branka Hadji Misheva , Codruta Mare

Criminals have become increasingly experienced in using cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, for money laundering. The use of cryptocurrencies can hide criminal identities and transfer hundreds of millions of dollars of dirty funds through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Wai Weng Lo , Gayan K. Kulatilleke , Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Bitcoin transactions include unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) as their inputs and generate one or more newly owned UTXOs at specified addresses. Each UTXO can only be used as an input in a transaction once, and using it in two or more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Changhoon Kang , Jongsoo Woo , James Won-Ki Hong

This paper addresses the problem of detecting anomalous activity in traffic networks where the network is not directly observed. Given knowledge of what the node-to-node traffic in a network should be, any activity that differs…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-20 Elizabeth Hou , Yasin Yilmaz , Alfred Hero

As the use of Blockchain for digital payments continues to rise in popularity, it also becomes susceptible to various malicious attacks. Successfully detecting anomalies within Blockchain transactions is essential for bolstering trust in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Mohammad Hasan , Mohammad Shahriar Rahman , Helge Janicke , Iqbal H. Sarker

The nodes' interconnections on a social network often reflect their dependencies and information-sharing behaviors. Nevertheless, abnormal nodes, which significantly deviate from most of the network concerning patterns or behaviors, can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xiaotong Cheng , Setareh Maghsudi