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Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with large-area cathodes are increasingly being used in cosmic-ray experiments to enhance detection efficiency. The optical modules (OMs) of the High-Energy Underwater Neutrino Telescope (HUNT) have employed a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-08-06 Yijiang Peng , Zike Wang , Bo Gao , Yiyue Tang , Mingjun Chen , Kai Li , Ling Ren , Xiaohao You , Maoyuan Liu

We introduce a simple approach for a tunable up-conversion detector. This scheme is relevant for both single photon detection or anywhere where low light levels at telecom wavelengths need to be detected with a high degree of temporal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. T. Thew , H. Zbinden , N. Gisin

Some publications indicate that poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exhibit low levels of photoluminesence (fluorescence and/or phosphorescence) when irradiated with photons in the ultraviolet (UV) to visible…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 G. R. Araujo , T. Pollmann , A. Ulrich

We characterized the S14160-3050HS Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC), a high efficiency, single channel silicon photomultiplier manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All measurements were performed at a room temperature of (23.0 $\pm$…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-21 Siyang Li , George F. Smoot

Liquid argon detectors rely on wavelength shifters for efficient detection of scintillation light. The current standard is tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB), but it is challenging to instrument on a large scale. Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)…

Tetraphenyl-butadiene (TPB) is a widely used fluorescent wavelength-shifter. A common application is in liquid-argon-based particle detectors, where scintillation light is produced in the UV at 128 nm. In liquid argon experiments, TPB is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-01-26 R. Jerry , L. Winslow , L. Bugel , J. M. Conrad

The new hemispherical photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with 9 inch diameter from Hainan Zhanchuang Photonics Technology Co.,Ltd (HZC) have been studied. Narrow transit time spread (FWHM=2.35 ns) accompanied by small nonlinearity (750…

The use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes is expected to extend the observation times of very-high-energy gamma-ray sources, particularly within the highest energy domain of 50-300 TeV, where…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-19 Akira Okumura , Kawori Wakazono , Kazuhiro Furuta , Hiroyasu Tajima

Polymeric wavelength shifters are of particular interest for large liquid argon detectors. Inspired by the success of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), other new polymers exhibiting a similar type of excimer fluorescence were investigated. We…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-22 M. Kuźniak , S. Choudhary , S. Pawłowski , A. F. V. Cortez , M. Kaczorowski , M. Kumosiński , A. Abramowicz , T. Łęcki , G. Nieradka , T. Sworobowicz , D. Jamanek

The neutrino detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is designed to use 20 kilotons of liquid scintillator and approximately 16,000 20-inch photomultipliers (PMTs).One of the options is to use the 20-inch R12860 PMT…

We report on the integration of large area CVD grown single- and bilayer graphene transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) on amorphous silicon multispectral photodetectors. The broadband transmission of graphene results in 440% enhancement…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-08-15 Daniel S. Schneider , Andreas Bablich , Max C. Lemme

Photomultipliers (PMTs) are currently adopted for the photodetector plane of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Even though PMT quantum efficiency has improved impressively in the recent years, one of the main limitation for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 V. Boccone , J. A. Aguilar , A. Basili , A. Christov , M. della Volpe , T. Montaruli , M. Rameez

A novel photodetector based on a MCP-PMT vacuum tube with encapsulated CMOS ASIC has been tested at the CERN SPS high energy hadron beam, allowing single photon Cherenkov detection operating at 10$^4$ gain and with timing resolution of…

Integrated photonic sensors have attracted significant attention recently for their potential for high-density integration. However, they face challenges in sensing gases with high sensitivity due to weak light-gas interaction. Slow light,…

We characterized the S13360-3050CS Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC), a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.. Measurements were obtained inside a light tight dark box using 365 nm, 400 nm, 525 nm, 660 nm,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-18 Siyang Li , George F. Smoot

Tamm plasmon-polaritons (TPPs) - optical modes localized at the interface between a metal and a photonic crystal (PhC) - offer a versatile platform for confining light in planar optoelectronic devices. However, their implementation in…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-20 Yurii V. Konov , Rashid G. Bikbaev , Feng Wu , Ivan V. Timofeev

To increase the light yield of a liquid Ar (LAr) detector, we optimized the evaporation technique of tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) on the detector surface and tested the operability of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), namely, the multi-pixel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-04 Kazutaka Aoyama , Masashi Tanaka , Masato Kimura , Kohei Yorita

Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) are pivotal in various scientific fields, including neutrino physics, gamma-ray astronomy, and cosmic-ray research. The detection sensitivity and precision of these detectors crucially rely on…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-31 D. Ambrosino , R. Colalillo , V. M. Grieco , F. Guarino , L. Lavitola , F. Sansone , M. Tambone , L. Valore , M. Waqas

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in particle experiments for photon detection. PMT waveform analysis is crucial for high-precision measurements of the position and energy of incident particles in liquid scintillator (LS)…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-12-02 Wei Jiang , Guihong Huang , Zhen Liu , Wuming Luo , Liangjian Wen , Jianyi Luo

XMASS-I is a single-phase liquid xenon detector whose purpose is direct detection of dark matter. To achieve the low background requirements necessary in the detector, a new model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), R10789, with a hexagonal…