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Let $s(n)$ be the number of different remainders $n \bmod k$, where $1 \leq k \leq \lfloor n/2 \rfloor$. This rather natural sequence is sequence A283190 in the OEIS and while some basic facts are known, it seems that surprisingly it has…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Omkar Baraskar , Ingrid Vukusic

Let us call a sequence of numbers heapable if they can be sequentially inserted to form a binary tree with the heap property, where each insertion subsequent to the first occurs at a leaf of the tree, i.e. below a previously placed number.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-07-15 John Byers , Brent Heeringa , Michael Mitzenmacher , Georgios Zervas

Suppose that we are given a string $s$ of length $n$ over an alphabet $\{0,1,\ldots,n^{O(1)}\}$ and $\delta$ is the string complexity of $s$, a known compression measure. We describe an index on $s$ with $O(\delta\log\frac{n}{\delta})$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Dmitry Kosolobov

We consider a static data structure problem of computing a linear operator under cell-probe model. Given a linear operator $M \in \mathbb{F}_2^{m \times n}$, the goal is to pre-process a vector $X \in \mathbb{F}_2^n$ into a data structure…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Young Kun Ko

We consider the problem of finding repetitive structures and inherent patterns in a given string $\s{s}$ of length $n$ over a finite totally ordered alphabet. A border $\s{u}$ of a string $\s{s}$ is both a prefix and a suffix of $\s{s}$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-24 Ali Alatabbi , Jacqueline W. Daykin , M. Sohel Rahman

We give cell-probe bounds for the computation of edit distance, Hamming distance, convolution and longest common subsequence in a stream. In this model, a fixed string of $n$ symbols is given and one $\delta$-bit symbol arrives at a time in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Raphael Clifford , Markus Jalsenius , Benjamin Sach

Suppose we want to seek the longest common subsequences (LCSs) of two strings as informative patterns that explain the relationship between the strings. The dynamic programming algorithm gives us a table from which all LCSs can be extracted…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yoshifumi Sakai

It has been proven that, when normalized by $n$, the expected length of a longest common subsequence of $d$ random strings of length $n$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$ converges to some constant that depends only on $d$ and $\sigma$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-16 George T. Heineman , Chase Miller , Daniel Reichman , Andrew Salls , Gábor Sárközy , Duncan Soiffer

Calculating the length of a longest common subsequence (LCS) of two strings $A$ and $B$ of length $n$ and $m$ is a classic research topic, with many worst-case oriented results known. We present two algorithms for LCS length calculation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-05-22 Szymon Grabowski

Analyzing patterns in data streams generated by network traffic, sensor networks, or satellite feeds is a challenge for systems in which the available storage is limited. In addition, real data is noisy, which makes designing data stream…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Elena Grigorescu , Erfan Sadeqi Azer , Samson Zhou

We study the problem of supporting queries on a string $S$ of length $n$ within a space bounded by the size $\gamma$ of a string attractor for $S$. Recent works showed that random access on $S$ can be supported in optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Nicola Prezza

Given a sequence of integers, we want to find a longest increasing subsequence of the sequence. It is known that this problem can be solved in $O(n \log n)$ time and space. Our goal in this paper is to reduce the space consumption while…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Masashi Kiyomi , Hirotaka Ono , Yota Otachi , Pascal Schweitzer , Jun Tarui

Finding the longest common subsequence in $k$-length substrings (LCS$k$) is a recently proposed problem motivated by computational biology. This is a generalization of the well-known LCS problem in which matching symbols from two sequences…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-20 Sebastian Deorowicz , Szymon Grabowski

Given two {0,1}-sequences X and Y of lengths m and n, respectively, we write L(X,Y) to denote the length of the longest common subsequence (LCS) of X and Y, and write L(m,n) to denote the expected value of L(X,Y) when X and Y are random…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-11 John D. Dixon

In this paper, we explore worst-case solutions for the problems of single and multiple matching on strings in the word RAM model with word length w. In the first problem, we have to build a data structure based on a pattern p of length m…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Djamal Belazzougui

The Longest Common Subsequence Problem (LCS) deals with finding the longest subsequence among a given set of strings. The LCS problem is an NP-hard problem which makes it a target for lots of effort to find a better solution with heuristics…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Alireza Abdi , Mohsen Hooshmand

Recent research demonstrated that training large language models involves memorization of a significant fraction of training data. Such memorization can lead to privacy violations when training on sensitive user data and thus motivates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vitaly Feldman , Guy Kornowski , Xin Lyu

Encoding data structures store enough information to answer the queries they are meant to support but not enough to recover their underlying datasets. In this paper we give the first encoding data structure for the challenging problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Rossano Venturini

In the Shortest Common Superstring problem (SCS), one needs to find the shortest superstring for a set of strings. While SCS is NP-hard and MAX-SNP-hard, the Greedy Algorithm "choose two strings with the largest overlap; merge them; repeat"…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Maksim Nikolaev

We study data structures in the presence of adversarial noise. We want to encode a given object in a succinct data structure that enables us to efficiently answer specific queries about the object, even if the data structure has been…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-12-01 Ronald de Wolf