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This paper presents a comprehensive study of algorithms for maintaining the number of all connected four-vertex subgraphs in a dynamic graph. Specifically, our algorithms maintain the number of paths of length three in deterministic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Kathrin Hanauer , Monika Henzinger , Qi Cheng Hua

Hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) is a popular algorithm for clustering data, but despite its importance, no dynamic algorithms for HAC with good theoretical guarantees exist. In this paper, we study dynamic HAC on edge-weighted…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Tom Tseng , Laxman Dhulipala , Julian Shun

Connectivity query processing is a fundamental problem in graph processing. Given an undirected graph and two query vertices, the problem aims to identify whether they are connected via a path. Given frequent edge updates in real graph…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Lantian Xu , Junhua Zhang , Dong Wen , Lu Qin , Ying Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Expander graphs are known to be robust to edge deletions in the following sense: for any online sequence of edge deletions $e_1, e_2, \ldots, e_k$ to an $m$-edge graph $G$ that is initially a $\phi$-expander, the algorithm can grow a set $P…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Simon Meierhans , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We revisit classic string problems considered in the area of parameterized complexity, and study them through the lens of dynamic data structures. That is, instead of asking for a static algorithm that solves the given instance efficiently,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Jędrzej Olkowski , Michał Pilipczuk , Mateusz Rychlicki , Karol Węgrzycki , Anna Zych-Pawlewicz

This paper presents an adaptive amoeba algorithm to address the shortest path tree (SPT) problem in dynamic graphs. In dynamic graphs, the edge weight updates consists of three categories: edge weight increases, edge weight decreases, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-11-05 Xiaoge Zhang , Qi Liu , Yong Hu , Felix T. S. Chan , Sankaran Mahadevan , Zili Zhang , Yong Deng

A classical result of Koml\'os, S\'ark\"ozy and Szemer\'edi states that every $n$-vertex graph with minimum degree at least $(1/2+ o(1))n$ contains every $n$-vertex tree with maximum degree $O(n/\log{n})$ as a subgraph, and the bounds on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Felix Joos , Jaehoon Kim

We consider the ``minimum degree spanning tree'' problem. As input, we receive an undirected, connected graph $G=(V, E)$ with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges, and our task is to find a spanning tree $T$ of $G$ that minimizes $\max_{u \in V}…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sayan Bhattacharya , Ermiya Farokhnejad , Haoze Wang

This paper considers the \textit{minimum spanning tree (MST)} problem in the Congested Clique model and presents an algorithm that runs in $O(\log \log \log n)$ rounds, with high probability. Prior to this, the fastest MST algorithm in this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Sriram V. Pemmaraju , Vivek B. Sardeshmukh

Short spanning trees subject to additional constraints are important building blocks in various approximation algorithms. Especially in the context of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), new techniques for finding spanning trees with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Martin Nägele , Rico Zenklusen

We present a decremental data structure for maintaining the SPQR-tree of a planar graph subject to edge contractions and deletions. The update time, amortized over $\Omega(n)$ operations, is $O(\log^2 n)$. Via SPQR-trees, we give a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Jacob Holm , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Eva Rotenberg

Given an undirected, weighted graph, the minimum spanning tree (MST) is a tree that connects all of the vertices of the graph with minimum sum of edge weights. In real world applications, network designers often seek to quickly find a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-02 David A. Bader , Paul Burkhardt

In edge orientations, the goal is usually to orient (direct) the edges of an undirected $n$-vertex graph $G$ such that all out-degrees are bounded. When the graph $G$ is fully dynamic, i.e., admits edge insertions and deletions, we wish to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-12-06 Tsvi Kopelowitz , Robert Krauthgamer , Ely Porat , Shay Solomon

We present a new distance oracle in the fully dynamic setting: given a weighted undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices undergoing both edge insertions and deletions, and an arbitrary parameter $\epsilon$ where $\epsilon\in[1/\log^{c}…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Bernhard Haeupler , Yaowei Long , Thatchaphol Saranurak

In this paper, we consider maintaining strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed planar graph subject to edge insertions and deletions. We show a data structure maintaining an implicit representation of the SCCs within…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Adam Karczmarz , Marcin Smulewicz

We present a deterministic fully-dynamic data structure for maintaining information about the bridges in a graph. We support updates in $\tilde{O}((\log n)^2)$ amortized time, and can find a bridge in the component of any given vertex, or a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Jacob Holm , Eva Rotenberg , Mikkel Thorup

Conditional lower bounds for dynamic graph problems has received a great deal of attention in recent years. While many results are now known for the fully-dynamic case and such bounds often imply worst-case bounds for the partially dynamic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Søren Dahlgaard

In the decremental Single-Source Shortest Path problem (SSSP), we are given a weighted directed graph $G=(V,E,w)$ undergoing edge deletions and a source vertex $r \in V$; let $n = |V|, m = |E|$ and $W$ be the aspect ratio of the graph. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Aaron Bernstein , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

We provide new tradeoffs between approximation and running time for the decremental all-pairs shortest paths (APSP) problem. For undirected graphs with $m$ edges and $n$ nodes undergoing edge deletions, we provide four new approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Michal Dory , Sebastian Forster , Yasamin Nazari , Tijn de Vos

We study the problem of maintaining a breadth-first spanning tree and the induced BFS ordering in a directed graph under edge updates. While semi-dynamic algorithms are known, maintaining the spanning tree, level information, and numbering…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Gregory Morse , Tamás Kozsik
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