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{\small The Wiener index $W(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices in the graph. The Szeged index $Sz(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as $Sz(G)=\sum_{e=uv \in E}n_u(e)n_v(e)$ where $n_u(e)$ and $n_v(e)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-25 Lily Chen , Xueliang Li , Mengmeng Liu

Given a finite simple undirected graph $G$, let $T_1(G)$ denote the subset of vertices of $G$ such that every vertex of $T_1(G)$ belongs to at least one subgraph isomorphic to a graph obtained by connecting a single vertex to two vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Peichao Wei , Muhuo Liu , Yang Wu , Zoran Stani\' c

For a simple graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, the first Zagreb index and the second Zagreb index are defined as $M_1(G)=\sum_{v\in V}d(v)^2 $ and $M_2(G)=\sum_{uv\in E}d(u)d(v)$. In \cite{VGFAD}, it was shown that if a connected…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Hosam Abdo , Darko Dimitrov , Ivan Gutman

Many existing degree based topological indices can be classified as bond incident degree (BID) indices, whose general form is $BID(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}$ $\Psi(d_{u},d_{v})$, where $uv$ is the edge connecting the vertices $u,v$ of the graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Akbar Ali , Darko Dimitrov

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The edge revised Szeged index of $G$ is defined as $Sz^{\ast}_{e}(G)=\sum\limits_{e=uv\in E(G)}(m_{u}(e|G)+\frac{m_{0}(e|G)}{2})(m_{v}(e|G)+\frac{m_{0}(e|G)}{2})$, where $m_{u}(e|G)$ (resp., $m_{v}(e|G)$) is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Shengjie He , Rong-Xia Hao , Deming Li

A graph is subcubic if it is connected and its maximum vertex degree does not exceed 3. Two disjoint vertex subsets of a graph $G$ form a connected coalition in $G$ if neither of them is a connected dominating set but their union is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Andrey A. Dobrynin , Aleksey N. Glebov

The revised Szeged index $Sz^*(G)$ is defined as $Sz^*(G)=\sum_{e=uv \in E}(n_u(e)+ n_0(e)/2)(n_v(e)+ n_0(e)/2),$ where $n_u(e)$ and $n_v(e)$ are, respectively, the number of vertices of $G$ lying closer to vertex $u$ than to vertex $v$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-13 Xueliang Li , Mengmeng Liu

Let ${\mathcal G}_n$ be the set of class of graphs of order $n$. The first Zagreb index $M_1(G)$ is equal to the sum of squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index $M_2(G)$ is equal to the sum of the products of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Batmend Horoldagva , Kinkar Chandra Das

Xu in 2011 determined the largest value of the second Zagreb index in an $n$-vertex graph $G$ with clique number $k$, and also the smallest value with the additional assumption that $G$ is connected. We extend these results to other…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-22 Dániel Gerbner

The symmetric difference of two graphs $G_1,G_2$ on the same set of vertices $V$ is the graph on $V$ whose set of edges are all edges that belong to exactly one of the two graphs $G_1,G_2$. For a fixed graph $H$ call a collection ${\cal G}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Noga Alon

Let $G(V, E)$ be a simple connected graph, with $|E| = \epsilon.$ In this paper, we define an edge-set graph $\mathcal G_G$ constructed from the graph $G$ such that any vertex $v_{s,i}$ of $\mathcal G_G$ corresponds to the $i$-th…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Johan Kok , N. K. Sudev , K. P. Chithra

Assume that we are given two graphic sequences, $\pi_1$ and $\pi_2$. We consider conditions for $\pi_1$ and $\pi_2$ which guarantee that there exists a simple graph $G_2$ realizing $\pi_2$ such that $G_2$ is the subgraph of any simple graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-29 Béla Csaba , Bálint Vásárhelyi

Graph theory has provided a very useful tool, called topological indices which are a number obtained from the graph $G$ with the property that every graph $H$ isomorphic to $G$, value of a topological index must be same for both $G$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Nilanjan De

Let $Sz(G),Sz^*(G)$ and $W(G)$ be the Szeged index, revised Szeged index and Wiener index of a graph $G.$ In this paper, the graphs with the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh largest Wiener indices among all unicyclic graphs of order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Huihui Zhang , Jing Chen , Shuchao Li

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph with $n = |V|$ vertices and $m = |E|$ edges. The first and second Zagreb indices are among the oldest and the most famous topological indices, defined as $M_1 = \sum_{i \in V} d_i^2$ and $M_2 = \sum_{(i, j)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-22 Aleksandar Ilić , Dragan Stevanović

An edge coalition in a graph $G=(V,E)$ consists of two disjoint sets of edges $E_1$ and $E_2$, neither of which is an edge dominating set but whose union $E_1\cup E_2$ is an edge dominating set. An edge coalition partition in a graph $G$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-23 Doost Ali Mojdeh , Iman Masoumi

We make use of multiplicative degree-based topological indices $X_\Pi(G)$ to perform a detailed analytical and statistical study of random networks $G=(V(G),E(G))$. We consider two classes of indices: $X_\Pi(G) = \prod_{u \in V(G)}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-06 R. Aguilar-Sanchez , J. A. Mendez-Bermudez , Jose M. Rodriguez , Jose M. Sigarreta

We define the $k$-cut complex of a graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)$ to be the simplicial complex whose facets are the complements of sets of size $k$ in $V(G)$ inducing disconnected subgraphs of $G$. This generalizes the Alexander dual of a…

Tibor Gallai conjectured that the edge set of every connected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices can be partitioned into $\lceil n/2\rceil$ paths. Let $\mathcal{G}_{k}$ be the class of all $2k$-regular graphs of girth at least $2k-2$ that admit a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-10-12 Fábio Botler , Andrea Jiménez

In this paper, we investigate the edge-Wiener index, the Szeged index, the edge-Szeged index, and the PI index, which are some of the most studied distance-based topological indices. As the main result we show that for benzenoid systems…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-28 Matevž Črepnjak , Niko Tratnik