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A new tree model is introduced based on ordered trees, by distinguishing exactly one child of each node that \emph{has} children. The basic enumeration leads to a cubic equation of the generating function. The extraction of its coefficients…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Helmut Prodinger

We analyze a class of spatial random spanning trees built on a realization of a homogeneous Poisson point process of the plane. This tree has a simple radial structure with the origin as its root. We first use stochastic geometry arguments…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Francois Baccelli , Charles Bordenave

The rotor walk on a graph is a deterministic analogue of random walk. Each vertex is equipped with a rotor, which routes the walker to the neighbouring vertices in a fixed cyclic order on successive visits. We consider rotor walk on an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-27 Omer Angel , Alexander E. Holroyd

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Jinxiong Zhang

Given a finite Markov chain, we investigate the first minors of the transition matrix of a lifting of this Markov chain to covering trees. In a simple case we exhibit a nice factorisation of these minors, and we conjecture that it holds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-31 Philippe Biane

If $G$ is a strongly connected finite directed graph, the set $\mathcal{T}G$ of rooted directed spanning trees of $G$ is naturally equipped with a structure of directed graph: there is a directed edge from any spanning tree to any other…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-18 Philippe Biane , Guillaume Chapuy

We develop a tree method for multidimensional q-Hahn polynomials. We define them as eigenfunctions of a multidimensional q-difference operator and we use the factorization of this operator as a key tool. Then we define multidimensional…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-04-12 Fabio Scarabotti

The motivation for this paper is the study of the phase transition for recurrence/transience of a class of self-interacting random walks on trees, which includes the once-reinforced random walk. For this purpose, we define a quantity, that…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-18 Andrea Collevecchio , Daniel Kious , Vladas Sidoravicius

We construct measures invariant with respect to equivalence relations which are graphed by horospheric products of trees. The construction is based on using conformal systems of boundary measures on treed equivalence relations. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-06-30 Vadim A. Kaimanovich , Florian Sobieczky

We consider the counting problem of the number of \textit{leaf-labeled increasing trees}, where internal nodes may have an arbitrary number of descendants. The set of all such trees is a discrete representation of the genealogies obtained…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-08 Johannes Wirtz

We consider growing random recursive trees in random environment, in which at each step a new vertex is attached (by an edge of a random length) to an existing tree vertex according to a probability distribution that assigns the tree…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Konstantin Borovkov , Vladimir Vatutin

Weighted recursive trees are built by adding successively vertices with predetermined weights to a tree: each new vertex is attached to a parent chosen randomly proportionally to its weight. Under some assumptions on the sequence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Michel Pain , Delphin Sénizergues

We study varieties that contain unranked tree languages over all alphabets. Trees are labeled with symbols from two alphabets, an unranked operator alphabet and an alphabet used for leaves only. Syntactic algebras of unranked tree languages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Magnus Steinby , Eija Jurvanen , Antonio Cano

We study an abstract notion of tree structure which lies at the common core of various tree-like discrete structures commonly used in combinatorics: trees in graphs, order trees, nested subsets of a set, tree-decompositions of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Reinhard Diestel

We describe a combinatorial approach for investigating properties of rational numbers. The overall approach rests on structural bijections between rational numbers and familiar combinatorial objects, namely rooted trees. We emphasize that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-13 Edinah K. Gnang , Chetan Tonde

We apply symbolic method to deduce functional equation which generating function of counting sequence of dependency trees must satisfy. Then we use Lagrange inversion theorem to obtain concrete expression of the counting sequence. We apply…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Zhujun Zhang

We generalize the concept of ascending and descending runs from permutations to rooted labelled trees and mappings, i.e., functions from the set $\{1, \dots, n\}$ into itself. A combinatorial decomposition of the corresponding functional…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-06 Marie-Louise Lackner , Alois Panholzer

We consider the generating polynomial of the number of rooted trees on the set $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ counted by the number of descending edges (a parent with a greater label than a child). This polynomial is an extension of the descent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-21 Rafael S. González D'León

We explore a physical model of ordered sums of integers as trains of rods. The trains for a fixed, possibly infinite, set of rod lengths naturally correspond to nodes in a tree; relations among finite linear recursions encoded in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Ethan D. Bolker , Debra K. Borkovitz , Katelyn Lee

In this article, we present a binary tree with vertices given by rational functions $p(x)/q(x)$; the root and functional derivation of children are inspired by continued fractions. We prove some special properties of the tree. For example,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-12-15 Niels Langeveld , David Ralston
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