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We attempt to forecast M-and X-class solar flares using a machine-learning algorithm, called Support Vector Machine (SVM), and four years of data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, the first instrument…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-09 Monica G. Bobra , Sebastien Couvidat

The precise physical process that triggers solar flares is not currently understood. Here we attempt to capture the signature of this mechanism in solar image data of various wavelengths and use these signatures to predict flaring activity.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-14 Eric Jonas , Monica G. Bobra , Vaishaal Shankar , J. Todd Hoeksema , Benjamin Recht

We propose a forecasting approach for solar flares based on data from Solar Cycle 24, taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. In particular, we use the Space-weather HMI…

Solar flares are among the most powerful and dynamic events in the solar system, resulting from the sudden release of magnetic energy stored in the Sun's atmosphere. These energetic bursts of electromagnetic radiation can release up to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Julia Bringewald

With machine learning entering into the awareness of the heliophysics community, solar flare prediction has become a topic of increased interest. Although machine learning models have advanced with each successive publication, the input…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 Brandon Panos , Lucia Kleint

Solar flares are among the most severe space weather phenomena, and they have the capacity to generate radiation storms and radio disruptions on Earth. The accurate prediction of solar flare events remains a significant challenge, requiring…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Vysakh P. A. , Prateek Mayank

We developed a solar flare prediction model using a deep neural network (DNN), named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). The model can calculate the probability of flares occurring in the following 24 h in each active region, which is used to determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Naoto Nishizuka , Komei Sugiura , Yuki Kubo , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

Flares are a well-studied aspect of the Sun's magnetic activity. Detecting and classifying solar flares can inform the analysis of contamination caused by stellar flares in exoplanet transmission spectra. In this paper, we present a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-25 Nicole Hao , Laura Flagg , Ray Jayawardhana

Solar flare prediction is a central problem in space weather forecasting and recent developments in machine learning and deep learning accelerated the adoption of complex models for data-driven solar flare forecasting. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Chetraj Pandey , Anli Ji , Rafal A. Angryk , Berkay Aydin

Solar flares create adverse space weather impacting space and Earth-based technologies. However, the difficulty of forecasting flares, and by extension severe space weather, is accentuated by the lack of any unique flare trigger or a single…

We consider the flare prediction problem that distinguishes flare-imminent active regions that produce an M- or X-class flare in the future 24 hours, from quiet active regions that do not produce any flare within $\pm 24$ hours. Using…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-15 Zeyu Sun , Monica G. Bobra , Xiantong Wang , Yu Wang , Hu Sun , Tamas Gombosi , Yang Chen , Alfred Hero

We developed a reliable probabilistic solar flare forecasting model using a deep neural network, named Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R). The model can predict the maximum classes of flares that occur in the following 24 h after observing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Naoto Nishizuka , Yûki Kubo , Komei Sugiura , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of machine-learning methods for predicting solar flares. Initial efforts along these lines employed comparatively simple models, correlating features extracted from observations of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-21 Varad Deshmukh , Srinivas Baskar , Elizabeth Bradley , Thomas Berger , James D. Meiss

A deep learning network, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network, is used in this work to predict whether the maximum flare class an active region (AR) will produce in the next 24 hours is class $\Gamma$. We considered $\Gamma$ are $\ge M$,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Xiantong Wang , Yang Chen , Gabor Toth , Ward B. Manchester , Tamas I. Gombosi , Alfred O. Hero , Zhenbang Jiao , Hu Sun , Meng Jin , Yang Liu

This paper presents a post hoc analysis of a deep learning-based full-disk solar flare prediction model. We used hourly full-disk line-of-sight magnetogram images and selected binary prediction mode to predict the occurrence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chetraj Pandey , Rafal A. Angryk , Manolis K. Georgoulis , Berkay Aydin

Adverse space weather effects can often be traced to solar flares, prediction of which has drawn significant research interests. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) produces full-disk vector magnetograms with continuous high cadence,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Chang Liu , Na Deng , Jason T. L. Wang , Haimin Wang

Solar flares originate from magnetically active regions but not all solar active regions give rise to a flare. Therefore, the challenge of solar flare prediction benefits by an intelligent computational analysis of physics-based properties…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 Cristina Campi , Federico Benvenuto , Anna Maria Massone , D Shaun Bloomfield , Manolis K Georgoulis , Michele Piana

Solar flare forecasting mainly relies on photospheric magnetograms and associated physical features to predict forthcoming flares. However, it is believed that flare initiation mechanisms often originate in the chromosphere and the lower…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-22 Grégoire Francisco , Sabrina Guastavino , Teresa Barata , João Fernandes , Dario Del Moro

Machine learning is nowadays the methodology of choice for flare forecasting and supervised techniques, in both their traditional and deep versions, are becoming the most frequently used ones for prediction in this area of space weather.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Federico Benvenuto , Cristina Campi , Anna Maria Massone , Michele Piana

Solar flares are intense eruptive events caused by the rapid release of magnetic energy, often impacting Earth's space environment through electromagnetic radiation and high-energy particles. Accurate flare prediction is critical for space…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Limin Zhao , Xingyao Chen , Xiaoshuai Zhu , Dong Zhao , and Yihua Yan
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