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The planar Tu\'{a}n number of $H$, denoted by $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is defined as the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $H$-free planar graph. The exact value of $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ remains a mystery when $H$ is large (for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Xuqing Bai , Zhipeng Gao , Ping Li

The well-known Erd\H{o}s-Gallai Theorem gave the Tur\'an number of paths. Bushaw and Kettle generalized this result to consider the Tur\'an number of disjoint paths. Since then, many studies are focused on the Tur\'an number of linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Xiamiao Zhao , Yiyan Zhan , Mei Lu

The generalized Tur\'an number for $H$ of $G$, denoted by $\ex(n,H,G)$, is the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex $G$-free graph. When $H$ is an edge, $\ex(n,H,G)$ is the classical Tur\'an number $\ex(n,G)$. Let $P_k$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Yichen Wang , Ervin Győri

The generalized Tur\'{a}n number $ex(n,K_s,H)$ is defined to be the maximum number of copies of a complete graph $K_s$ in any $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. Let $F$ be a linear forest consisting of $k$ paths of orders…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Xiutao Zhu , Yaojun Chen

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a family of graphs. The generalized Tur\'an number $ex(n, K_r, \mathcal{H})$ is the maximum number of copies of the clique $K_r$ in any $n$-vertex $\mathcal{H}$-free graph. In this paper, we determine the value of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Xiaona Fang , Xiutao Zhu , Yaojun Chen

For two $s$-uniform hypergraphs $H$ and $F$, the Tur\'{a}n number $ex_s(H,F)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $F$-free subgraph of $H$. Let $s, r, k, n_1, \ldots, n_r$ be integers satisfying $2\leq s\leq r$ and $n_1\leq n_2\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-04 Erica L. L. Liu , Jian Wang

The planar Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, denoted $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in a planar graph on $n$ vertices without containing $H$ as a subgraph. This notion was introduced by Dowden in 2016 and has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-25 Yongxin Lan , Yongtang Shi , Zi-Xia Song

The Tur\'an number of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, denoted by $e{x_k}\left({n;H} \right)$, is the maximum number of edges in any $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$ on $n$ vertices which does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-24 Ran Gu , Xueliang Li , Yongtang Shi

The classical extremal function for a graph $H$, $ex(K_n, H)$ is the largest number of edges in a subgraph of $K_n$ that contains no subgraph isomorphic to $H$. Note that defining $ex(K_n, H-ind)$ by forbidding induced subgraphs isomorphic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Maria Axenovich , Jakob Zimmermann

The Tur\'an number $ex(n,H)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $H$-free graph on $n$ vertices. Let $T$ be any tree. The odd-ballooning of $T$, denoted by $T_o$, is a graph obtained by replacing each edge of $T$ with an odd cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Xiutao Zhu , Yaojun Chen

Let $\mathscr{F}$ be a family of graphs. A graph $G$ is $\mathscr{F}$-free if $G$ does not contain any $F\in \mathcal{F}$ as a subgraph. The Tur\'an number $ex(n, \mathscr{F})$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Huan Luo , Xiamiao Zhao , Mei Lu

We study $\mathrm{exa}_k(n,F)$, the largest number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph $G$ that contains exactly $k$ copies of a given subgraph $F$. The case $k=0$ is the Tur\'an number $\mathrm{ex}(n,F)$ that is among the most studied…

For two $r$-graphs $\mathcal{T}$ and $\mathcal{H}$, let $\text{ex}_{r}(n,\mathcal{T},\mathcal{H})$ be the maximum number of copies of $\mathcal{T}$ in an $n$-vertex $\mathcal{H}$-free $r$-graph. The determination of Tur\'{a}n number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-02 Zixiang Xu , Tao Zhang , Gennian Ge

Given a family ${\cal F}$ of graphs, and a positive integer $n$, the Tur\'an number $ex(n,{\cal F})$ of ${\cal F}$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph that does not contain any member of ${\cal F}$ as a subgraph. The order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Tao Jiang , Andrew Newman

For two graphs $G$ and $F$, the extremal number of $F$ in $G$, denoted by {ex}$(G,F)$, is the maximum number of edges in a spanning subgraph of $G$ not containing $F$ as a subgraph. Determining {ex}$(K_n,F)$ for a given graph $F$ is a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Junxue Zhang

For graphs $T, H$, let $ex(n,T,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $T$ in an $n$-vertex $H$-free graph. In this paper we prove some sharp results on this generalization of Tur\'an numbers, where our focus is for the graphs $T,H$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-06 Jie Ma , Yu Qiu

For fixed graphs $H$ and $F$, the \emph{generalized Tur\'an number} $\mathrm{ex}(n,H,F)$ is the maximum possible number of copies of a subgraph $H$ in an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. This article is a survey of this extremal function whose…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Dániel Gerbner , Cory Palmer

The Tur\'an number of a graph $H$, denoted by $\text{ex}(n, H)$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph that does not have $H$ as a subgraph. Let $TP_k$ be the triangular pyramid of $k$-layers. In this paper, we determine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-22 Debarun Ghosh , Ervin Győri , Addisu Paulos , Chuanqi Xiao , Oscar Zamora

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a set of graphs. The planar Tur\'an number, $ex_\mathcal{P}(n,\mathcal{H})$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex planar graph which does not contain any member of $\mathcal{H}$ as a subgraph. When…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Ervin Győri , Alan Li , Runtian Zhou

An $r$-uniform hypergraph ($r$-graph for short) is linear if any two edges intersect at most one vertex. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a given family of $r$-graphs. An $r$-graph $H$ is called $\mathcal{F}$-free if $H$ does not contain any member of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Junpeng Zhou , Xiying Yuan