Related papers: Simply connected latin quandles
A quandle is an algebraic structure whose binary operation is idempotent, right-invertible and right self-distributive. Right-invertibility ensures right translations are permutations and right self-distributivity ensures further they are…
We introduce a new homology theory of quandles, called simplicial quandle homology, which is quite different from quandle homology developed by Carter et al. We construct a homomorphism from a quandle homology group to a simplicial quandle…
We introduce new families of quandles that serve as invariants for classifying closed orientable surfaces. These families generalize the classical Dehn quandle and are defined, respectively, on isotopy classes of unoriented closed curves…
Algebraic homology and cohomology theories for quandles have been studied extensively in recent years. With a given quandle 2(3)-cocycle one can define a state-sum invariant for knotted curves(surfaces). In this paper we introduce another…
This paper gives a new way of characterizing L-space $3$-manifolds by using orderability of quandles. Hence, this answers a question of Adam Clay et al. [Question 1.1 of Canad. Math. Bull. 59 (2016), no. 3, 472-482]. We also investigate…
A homology and cohomology theory for topological quandles are introduced. The relation between these (co)homology groups and quandle (co)homology groups are studied. The 1 - topological quandle cocycles are used to compute state sum…
A quandle will be called quasi-affine, if it embeds into an affine quandle. Our main result is a characterization of quasi-affine quandles, by group-theoretic properties of their displacement group, by a universal algebraic condition coming…
We study simple superfaithful and superconnected quandles and we found counterexamples to a conjecture suggested by computational data. We provide also examples of superconnected quandles built using group theoretical results and…
In this paper, we explore the bounded cohomology of quandles and its applications to knot theory. We establish two key results that provide sufficient conditions for the infinite dimensionality of the second bounded cohomology of quandles.…
Quandles can be regarded as generalizations of symmetric spaces. In the study of symmetric spaces, the notion of flatness plays an important role. In this paper, we define the notion of flat quandles, by referring to the theory of…
The 2-twist spun trefoil is an example of a sphere that is knotted in 4-dimensional space. Here this example is shown to be distinct from the same sphere with the reversed orientation. To demonstrate this fact a state-sum invariant for…
A rack is a set with a binary operation such that left multiplications are automorphisms of the set and a quandle is a rack satisfying a certain condition. For a finite connected rack the cycle type of the permutation defined by left…
We consider the problem of when one quandle homomorphism will factor through another, restricting our attention to the case where all quandles involved are connected. We provide a complete solution to the problem for surjective quandle…
Quandle homology was defined from rack homology as the quotient by a subcomplex corresponding to the idempotency, for invariance under the type I Reidemeister move. Similar subcomplexes have been considered for various identities of racks…
This paper demonstrates a topological meaning of quandle cocycle invariants of links with respect to finite connected quandles $X$, from a perspective of homotopy theory: Specifically, for any prime $\ell$ which does not divide the type of…
Quandles are self-distributive algebraic structures known as sources of strong knots invariants, but also appearing in other contexts. From any quandle, one can construct two invariants: the structure group and the second quandle homology…
This article establishes the algebraic covering theory of quandles. For every connected quandle we explicitly construct a universal covering, which in turn leads us to define the algebraic fundamental group as the automorphism group of the…
If $A$ is an abelian quandle and $Q$ is a quandle, the hom set $\mathrm{Hom}(Q,A)$ of quandle homomorphisms from $Q$ to $A$ has a natural quandle structure. We exploit this fact to enhance the quandle counting invariant, providing an…
Quandles are self-distributive, right-invertible, idempotent algebras. A group with conjugation for binary operation is an example of a quandle. Given a quandle $(Q, \ast)$ and a positive integer $n$, define $a\ast_n b = (\cdots (a\ast…
We introduce the notion of a hierarchical quandle, which is a generalisation of diquandles and multi-quandles. Using hierarchical quandle colourings, we construct a cocycle invariants for links coloured by quandles.