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Related papers: Ultrafast outflows in ultraluminous X-ray sources

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The classical limit on the accretion luminosity of a neutron star is given by the Eddington luminosity. The advanced models of accretion onto magnetized neutron stars account for the appearance of magnetically confined accretion columns and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-14 Alexander A. Mushtukov , Sergey S. Tsygankov , Valery F. Suleimanov , Juri Poutanen

Super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass compact objects powers fast outflows in ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Such outflows, which can reach mildly relativistic velocities, are often observed forming bubble structures. Wind…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Enrico Peretti , Maria Petropoulou , Georgios Vasilopoulos , Stefano Gabici

It has recently been discovered that a fraction of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) exhibit X-ray pulsations, and are therefore powered by super-Eddington accretion onto magnetized neutron stars (NSs). For typical ULX mass accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-17 Alexander A. Mushtukov , Adam Ingram , Matthew Middleton , Dmitrij I. Nagirner , Michiel van der Klis

A fraction of the Ultra Luminous X-ray (ULX) sources are known to be accreting neutron stars as they show coherent X-ray pulsations with pulse periods ranging from ~1-30 seconds. While initially thought to host intermediate-mass black…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-22 Manish Kumar , Rahul Sharma , Biswajit Paul , Vikram Rana

We examine the possibility that Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent the extreme end of the black hole X-ray binary (XRB) population. Based on their X-ray properties, we suggest that ULXs are persistently in a high/hard spectral…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Z. Kuncic , R. Soria , C. K. Hung , M. C. Freeland , G. V. Bicknell

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a class of accreting compact objects with X-ray luminosities above 1e39 erg/s. The ULX population counts several hundreds objects but only a minor fraction is well studied. Here we present a detailed…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with 10^39 < L_x < 10^41 erg/s have been discovered in great numbers in external galaxies with ROSAT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton. The central question regarding this important class of sources is whether they…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Pooley , Saul Rappaport

We report the discovery of a new ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) associated with a globular cluster in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4649. The X-ray source was initially detected with a luminosity below 5 x 10^38 erg/s, but in subsequent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 T. P. Roberts , G. Fabbiano , B. Luo , D. -W. Kim , J. Strader , M. J. Middleton , J. P. Brodie , T. Fragos , J. S. Gallagher , V. Kalogera , A. R. King , A. Zezas

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to include different physical types of objects. We discuss some possible subclasses, reviewing the properties of a sample of ULXs recently observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton. Sources with an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roberto Soria , Mark Cropper , Christian Motch

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear compact objects with apparent luminosities above 10^39 erg/s, often exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass black holes. Beaming is a commonly invoked mechanism to explain their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-15 Ying-Han Mao , Xiang-Dong Li

In this proof-of-concept study we demonstrate that in a binary system mass can be transferred toward an accreting compact object at extremely high rate. If the transferred mass is efficiently converted to X-ray luminosity (with disregard of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-16 Grzegorz Wiktorowicz , Malgorzata Sobolewska , Aleksander Sadowski , Krzysztof Belczynski

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULX) have so high X-ray luminosities that they were long thought to be accreting intermediate mass black holes. Yet, some ULX have been shown to display periodic modulations and coherent pulsations, suggestive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-30 I. El Mellah , J. O. Sundqvist , R. Keppens

Observations of high-redshift quasars frequently promote suggestions of large black hole masses, whose presence so early in cosmic time is not easily explicable. I consider the parallel with ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) -- now known…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-01 Andrew King

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are bright X-ray sources in nearby galaxies not associated with the central supermassive black hole. Their luminosities imply they are powered by either an extreme accretion rate onto a compact stellar…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are X-ray binary systems containing an accreting neutron star (NS) or black hole emitting at luminosities above the Eddington limit of a $10M_{\odot}$ black hole. Approximately 1900 (either confirmed or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-28 M. Veresvarska , M. Imbrogno , R. Amato , G. L. Israel , S. Scaringi , P. Casella , D. de Martino , F. Fürst , A. Gúrpide Lasheras , C. Knigge , M. J. Middleton

Despite two decades of studies, it is still not clear whether ULX spectral transitions are due to stochastic variability in the wind or variations in the accretion rate or in the source geometry. The compact object is also unknown for most…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-02 F. Barra , C. Pinto , D. J. Walton , P. Kosec , A. D'Aì , T. Di Salvo , M. Del Santo , H. Earnshaw , A. C. Fabian , F. Fuerst , A. Marino , F. Pintore , A. Robba , T. P. Roberts

We explore the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources through detailed investigations of their spectral shape using some of the highest quality data available in the XMM-Newton public archives. Phenomenological models allow us to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Jeanette C. Gladstone , Timothy P. Roberts , Chris Done

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are sources observed to exceed the Eddington limit of a stellar-mass black hole (BH). A fraction of ULX sources show X-ray pulses which are evidence for accreting neutron stars (NSs). Theoretical studies…

I suggest that there are two classes of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), corresponding to super-Eddington mass inflow in two situations: (a) thermal-timescale mass transfer in high-mass X-ray binaries, and (b) long-lasting transient…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. R. King

We model the multiwavelength properties of binaries accreting at super-critical rates with the aim to better understand the observational properties of Ultra-luminous X-ray Sources (ULXs). We calculate an extended grid of binary systems…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-17 Elena Ambrosi , Luca Zampieri , Fabio Pintore , Anna Wolter
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