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Far-field characterization of small objects is severely constrained by the diffraction limit. Existing tools achieving sub-diffraction resolution often utilize point-by-point image reconstruction via scanning or labelling. Here, we present…

As a lens capable of sending images of deep sub-wavelength objects to the far field, the hyperlens has garnered significant attention for its super-resolution and magnification capabilities. However, traditional hyperlenses require extreme…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-18 Tao Hou , Huanyang Chen

Phase Fresnel lenses have the same imaging properties as zone plates, but with the possibility of concentrating all of the incident power into the primary focus, increasing the maximum theoretical efficiency from 11% to close to 100%. For…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gerry Skinner , Peter von Ballmoos , Neil Gehrels , John Krizmanic

We demonstrate a smooth and low loss silver (Ag) optical superlens capable of resolving features at 1/12th of the illumination wavelength with high fidelity. This is made possible by utilizing state-of-the-art nanoimprint technology and…

This paper presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of super-resolution imaging using dielectric microparticles, employing the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to elucidate the mechanisms that enable resolution enhancements…

Optics · Physics 2024-09-18 Arlen Bekirov , Zengbo Wang , Boris Lukyanchuk

Miniature fluorescence microscopes are a standard tool in systems biology. However, widefield miniature microscopes capture only 2D information, and modifications that enable 3D capabilities increase the size and weight and have poor…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-13 Kyrollos Yanny , Nick Antipa , William Liberti , Sam Dehaeck , Kristina Monakhova , Fanglin Linda Liu , Konlin Shen , Ren Ng , Laura Waller

We present a novel extended-focus optical coherence microscope (OCM) attaining 0.7 {\mu}m axial and 0.4 {\mu}m lateral resolution maintained over a depth of 40 {\mu}m, while preserving the advantages of Fourier domain OCM. Our method uses…

Adaptive optics can focus light through opaque media by compensating the random phase delay acquired while crossing a scattering curtain. The technique is commonly exploited in many fields, including astrophysics, microscopy, biomedicine…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-24 Diego Di Battista , Giannis Zacharakis , Marco Leonetti

We propose to use high numerical aperture single mode optical fibers like photonic crystal fiber for lensless in-line holographic microscopy. Highly divergent beam helps to overcome the spatial sampling limitation of the image sensor. In…

Optics · Physics 2020-07-01 Sanjeev Kumar , Manjunatha Mahadevappa , Pranab K. Dutta

In this paper, we show by experiment that by covering a thin flat nonlinear lens on the sources, the sub-diffraction-limit observation can be achieved by measuring either the near-field distribution or the far-field radiation of the sources…

Motivated by the importance of optical microscopes to science and engineering, scientists have pondered for centuries how to improve their resolution and the existence of fundamental resolution limits. In recent years, a new class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-28 Mankei Tsang

The use of photonic crystal and negative refractive index materials is known to improve resolution of optical microscopy and lithography devices down to 80 nm level. Here we demonstrate that utilization of well-known digital image recovery…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-11 I. I. Smolyaninov , J. Elliott , G. Wurtz , A. V. Zayats , C. C. Davis

Nonlinear optical microscopy provides elegant means for label-free imaging of biological samples and condensed matter systems. The widespread areas of application could even be increased if resolution was improved, which is currently…

Recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that imaging with resolution well beyond the diffraction limit can be obtained with so-called superlenses. Images formed by such superlenses are, however, in the near field only, or a…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-11 Stephane Durant , Zhaowei Liu , Nicholas Fang , Xiang Zhang

We study three-dimensional microlensing where two lenses are located at different distances along the line of sight. We formulate the lens equation in complex notations and recover several previous results. There are in total either 4 or 6…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-17 Shude Mao , Hans J. Witt , Jin H. An

To overcome the limit of diffraction while achieving the superresolution technique, solid immersion lenses are the key optical elements for data storage and nanophotonics applications. Recent demonstrations have shown how different…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-24 Subhankar Roy , Jianping Hu , M Ummal Momeen

The primary challenge in silicon photonics is achieving efficient luminescence in the communication band, crucial for its large-scale application. Despite significant efforts, silicon light sources still suffer from low efficiency and…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-12 Xiaobo Li , Jiajing He , Yaping Dan , Jun Wang

Metasurfaces provide a compact, flexible, and reliable solution for controlling the wavefront of light. In imaging systems, micro-lens arrays are integrated with pixel matrices to reduce optical crosstalk, enhance photon collection…

As a general rule of thumb the resolution of a light microscope (i.e. the ability to discern objects) is predominantly described by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of its point spread function (psf)---the diameter of the blurring…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-23 Gytis Kulaitis , Axel Munk , Frank Werner

Essentially, the idea of improving the resolution of a given imaging system is to enhance its information capacity represented usually by the temporal-bandwidth (or, spatial-spectrum) product. This letter introduces the concept of…

Optics · Physics 2014-03-21 Lianlin Li , Fang Li , Tiejun Cui
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