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Galaxies in the reionization-era have been shown to have prominent [OIII]+H$\beta$ emission. Little is known about the gas conditions and radiation field of this population, making it challenging to interpret the spectra emerging at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-21 Mengtao Tang , Daniel Stark , Jacopo Chevallard , Stéphane Charlot

We present the first results of an observational programme undertaken to map the fine structure line emission of singly ionized carbon ([CII] 157.7409 micron) over extended regions using a Fabry Perot spectrometer newly installed at the…

A fraction of the extragalactic near-infrared (near-IR) background light involves redshifted photons from the ultraviolet (UV) emission from galaxies present during reionization at redshifts above 6. The absolute intensity and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Asantha Cooray , Yan Gong , Joseph Smidt , Mario G. Santos

The redshifted spectral line radiation emitted from both atomic fine-structure and molecular rotational transitions in the interstellar medium (ISM) of high-redshift galaxies can be detected in the centimetre, millimetre and submillimetre…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew W. Blain , D. T. Frayer , J. J. Bock , N. Z. Scoville

Intensity mapping (IM) is sensitive to the cumulative line emission of galaxies. As such it represents a promising technique for statistical studies of galaxies fainter than the limiting magnitude of traditional galaxy surveys. The strong…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-21 Paolo Comaschi , Bin Yue , Andrea Ferrara

Porous interstellar medium (ISM) structure in galaxies at the epoch of reionization (EoR) gives us a hint to understand what types of galaxies contribute to reionization. Although recent studies have pointed out the positive correlation…

We present a theoretical study of intergalactic metal absorption lines imprinted in the spectra of distant quasars during and after the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We use high resolution hydrodynamical simulations at high redshift ($4…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-06 L. A. Garcia , E. Tescari , E. V. Ryan-Weber , J. S. B. Wyithe

The 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen is a promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) but suffers from contamination by spectrally smooth foregrounds, which obscure the large-scale signal along the line of sight. We explore the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Wenzer Qin , Kai-Feng Chen , Katelin Schutz , Adrian Liu

Molecular hydrogen is now understood to be the main coolant of the primordial gas clouds leading to the formation of the very first stars and galaxies. The line emissions associated with molecular hydrogen should then be a good tracer of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Yan Gong , Asantha Cooray , Mario G. Santos

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is an emerging technique in measuring galaxy evolution and the large-scale structure of the universe. LIM surveys measure the cumulative emission from all galaxies emitting a given line at a particular redshift,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 Trevor M. Oxholm

The Millimeter-wave Intensity Mapping Experiment (mmIME) recently reported a detection of excess spatial fluctuations at a wavelength of 3 mm, which can be attributed to unresolved emission of several CO rotational transitions between…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Patrick C. Breysse , Shengqi Yang , Rachel S. Somerville , Anthony R. Pullen , Gergö Popping , Abhishek S. Maniyar

The redshifted 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization (EoR) directly probes the ionization and thermal states of the intergalactic medium during that period. In particular, the distribution of the ionized regions around the radiating…

We utilize medium-resolution JWST/NIRSpec observations of 164 galaxies at $z=2.0-9.3$ from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey to investigate the evolution of the excitation and ionization properties of galaxies at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-01-18 Ryan L. Sanders , Alice E. Shapley , Michael W. Topping , Naveen A. Reddy , Gabriel B. Brammer

We present new constraints on the 21cm Epoch of Reionization (EoR) power spectrum derived from 3 months of observing with a 32-antenna, dual-polarization deployment of the Donald C. Backer Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of…

Line-Intensity Mapping (LIM) has emerged as a powerful technique for studying large-scale structure and the high-redshift universe, enabling three-dimensional maps of line emission across vast cosmological volumes. In this review, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Tzu-Ching Chang , Adam Lidz

Far infrared cooling lines are ubiquitous features in the spectra of star forming galaxies. Surveys of redshifted fine-structure lines provide a promising new tool to study structure formation and galactic evolution at redshifts including…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-05 A. Kogut , E. Dwek , S. H. Moseley

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is a promising tool to efficiently probe the three-dimensional large-scale structure by mapping the aggregate emission of a spectral line from all sources that trace the matter density field. Spectral lines from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-09 Yun-Ting Cheng , Tzu-Ching Chang , James J. Bock

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide…

[Abridged] The [OIII]$_{88\mu m}$/[CII]$_{158\mu m}$ and [OIII]$_{88\mu m}$/[NII]$_{122\mu m}$ luminosity ratios have shown to be promising tracers of the ionisation state and gas-phase metallicity of the ISM. Observations of galaxies at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-29 Camilla T. Nyhagen , Alice Schimek , Claudia Cicone , Davide Decataldo , Sijing Shen

The rotational lines of carbon monoxide and the fine structure lines of CII and of the most abundant metals, emitted during the epoch of enhanced star formation in the universe, are redshifted in the frequency channels where the present-day…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mattia Righi , Carlos Hernandez-Monteagudo , Rashid Sunyaev