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Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction, with well-documented merits in various applications involving high-dimensional data, including computer vision, preference measurement, and bioinformatics. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-10-01 Gonzalo Mateos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) finds a principal vector that maximizes the sum of second powers of principal components. We consider a generalized PCA that aims at maximizing the sum of an arbitrary convex function of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Samuele Battaglino , Erdem Koyuncu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a useful tool when trying to construct factor models from historical asset returns. For the implied volatilities of U.S. equities there is a PCA-based model with a principal eigenportfolio whose return…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-04 Marco Avellaneda , Brian Healy , Andrew Papanicolaou , George Papanicolaou

Principal component analysis (PCA) frequently suffers from the disturbance of outliers and thus a spectrum of robust extensions and variations of PCA have been developed. However, existing extensions of PCA treat all samples equally even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Zhang , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Principal Component Analysis is a novel way of of dimensionality reduction. This problem essentially boils down to finding the top k eigen vectors of the data covariance matrix. A considerable amount of literature is found on algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Jian Vora

In many atmospheric and earth sciences, it is of interest to identify dominant spatial patterns of variation based on data observed at $p$ locations and $n$ time points with the possibility that $p>n$. While principal component analysis…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-29 Wen-Ting Wang , Hsin-Cheng Huang

In this paper, we propose a novel robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for high-dimensional data in the presence of various heterogeneities, especially the heavy-tailedness and outliers. A transformation motivated by the characteristic…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Lingyu He , Yanrong Yang , Bo Zhang

The idea of representation has been used in various fields of study from data analysis to political science. In this paper, we define representativeness and describe a method to isolate data points that can represent the entire data set.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Ashwinkumar Ganesan , Tim Oates , Matt Schmill

Incorporating covariates into functional principal component analysis (PCA) can substantially improve the representation efficiency of the principal components and predictive performance. However, many existing functional PCA methods do not…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Fei Ding , Shiyuan He , David E. Jones , Jianhua Z. Huang

We study principal components regression (PCR) in an asymptotic high-dimensional regression setting, where the number of data points is proportional to the dimension. We derive exact limiting formulas for the estimation and prediction…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Alden Green , Elad Romanov

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an important tool of dimension reduction especially when the dimension (or the number of variables) is very high. Asymptotic studies where the sample size is fixed, and the dimension grows [i.e., High…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Sungkyu Jung , J. S. Marron

Principal component analysis (PCA) is fundamental to statistical machine learning. It extracts latent principal factors that contribute to the most variation of the data. When data are stored across multiple machines, however, communication…

Computation · Statistics 2018-01-11 Jianqing Fan , Dong Wang , Kaizheng Wang , Ziwei Zhu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a standard dimensionality reduction technique used in various research and applied fields. From an algorithmic point of view, classical PCA can be formulated in terms of operations on a multivariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Ayisha Fayomi , Yannis Pantazis , Michail Tsagris , Andrew T. A. Wood

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) finds the best linear representation of data, and is an indispensable tool in many learning and inference tasks. Classically, principal components of a dataset are interpreted as the directions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Raphael A. Hauser , Armin Eftekhari

A data table which is arranged according to two factors can often be considered as a compositional table. An example is the number of unemployed people, split according to gender and age classes. Analyzed as compositions, the relevant…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-12 Julie Rendlová , Karel Hron , Kamila Fačevicová , Peter Filzmoser

When functional data manifest amplitude and phase variations, a commonly-employed framework for analyzing them is to take away the phase variation through a function alignment and then to apply standard tools to the aligned functions. A…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-30 Sungwon Lee , Sungkyu Jung

High-dimensional data often exhibit dependencies among variables that violate the isotropic-noise assumption under which principal component analysis (PCA) is optimal. For cases where the noise is not independent and identically distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Antonio Briola , Marwin Schmidt , Fabio Caccioli , Carlos Ros Perez , James Singleton , Christian Michler , Tomaso Aste

Principal component analysis (PCA) for binary data, known as logistic PCA, has become a popular alternative to dimensionality reduction of binary data. It is motivated as an extension of ordinary PCA by means of a matrix factorization, akin…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-08 Andrew J. Landgraf , Yoonkyung Lee

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for data processing, such as for dimension reduction and visualization. Standard PCA is known to be sensitive to outliers, and thus, various robust PCA methods have been proposed.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Keishi Sando , Hideitsu Hino

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a fundamental tool and has attracted increasing attention in recent decades, while existing methods are restricted to data with a single or finite number of random functions (much smaller…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-22 Xiaoyu Hu , Fang Yao