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We present the results of the Infrared Space Observatory Short Wavelength Spectrometer (ISO-SWS) observations of Jupiter related to ammonia. We focus on two spectral regions; the first one (the 10-micron region), probes atmospheric levels…

The flybys of Jupiter by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979, and over two decades later by Cassini in 2000, have provided us with unique datasets from two different epochs, allowing the investigation of seasonal change in the atmosphere. In…

The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization is trending towards comparative studies involving many planetary systems, and using Bayesian hierarchical modelling is a natural next step. Here we demonstrate two use cases. We first use…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Dylan Keating , Nicolas B. Cowan

Characterising the atmospheres of hot Jupiters is important in understanding the formation and migration of these exotic planets. However, there are still many open questions about the chemical and physical properties of these atmospheres.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-08 Rebecca K. Webb , Siddharth Gandhi , Matteo Brogi , Jayne L. Birkby , Ernst de Mooij , Ignas Snellen , Yapeng Zhang

The study of exoplanet atmospheres showed large diversity compared to the planets in our solar system. Especially Jupiter type exoplanets orbiting their host star in close orbits, the so-called hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, have been studied…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Engin Keles

Towering storms, swirling clouds, and vortices are the cloud tops manifestation of complex weather systems shaping the atmosphere of Jupiter. We use observations from Juno's MicroWave Radiometer (MWR), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Chris Moeckel , Imke de Pater , Bob Sault , Bryan Butler

Far-IR 16-1000 $\mu$m spectra of Saturn's hydrogen-helium continuum measured by Cassini's Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) are inverted to construct a near-continuous record of upper tropospheric (70-700 mbar) temperatures and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-14 Leigh N. Fletcher , Patrick G. J. Irwin , Richard K. Achterberg , Glenn S. Orton , F. Michael Flasar

We present the results of recent observations of phase-dependent variations in brightness designed to characterize the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. In particular, we focus on recent observations of the transiting planet HD 189733b at 8…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-17 H. A. Knutson

High-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) has grown into one of the main techniques to characterise the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. High spectral resolving power allows for the efficient removal of telluric and host-star contamination.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-15 Ignas Snellen

Disequilibrium species have been used previously to probe the deep water abundances and the eddy diffusion coefficient for giant planets. In this paper, we present a diffusion-kinetics code that predicts the abundances of disequilibrium…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Dong Wang , Jonathan Lunine , Olivier Mousis

Spectroscopic phase curves of hot Jupiters measure their emission spectra at multiple orbital phases, thus enabling detailed characterisation of their atmospheres. Precise constraints on the atmospheric composition of these exoplanets offer…

We explain the emergence and stability of the most important jets and vortices, in the highly turbulent Jupiter's atmosphere, by a statistical mechanics of the potential vorticity mixing. Using the Quasi-Geostrophic 1-1/2 layer, with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Freddy Bouchet , Thierry Dumont

We present ground-based limb polarization measurements of Jupiter and Saturn consisting of full disk imaging polarimetry for the wavelength 7300 A and spatially resolved (long slit) spectropolarimetry covering the wavelength range 5200 to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 H. M. Schmid , F. Joos , E. Buenzli , D. Gisler

Argon, krypton, xenon, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus have all been measured enriched by a quasi uniform factor in the 2--4 range, compared to their protosolar values, in the atmosphere of Jupiter. To elucidate the origin of these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Olivier Mousis , Thomas Ronnet , Jonathan I. Lunine

We present multi-wavelength measurements of the thermal, chemical, and cloud contrasts associated with the visibly dark formations (also known as 5-$\mu$m hot spots) and intervening bright plumes on the boundary between Jupiter's Equatorial…

Ultra-hot Jupiters are highly irradiated gas giant exoplanets on close-in orbits around their host stars. We analyzed high-resolution spectra from CARMENES, HARPS-N, and ESPaDOnS taken over eight observation nights to study the emission…

The high-precision Juno gravitational measurements allow us to infer the structure of Jupiter's deep atmospheric zonal flow. Since this inference is nonunique, it is important to explore the space of possible solutions. In this paper, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-03 Laura Kulowski , Hao Cao , Rakesh K. Yadav , Jeremy Bloxham

Recent progress in high-resolution transmission spectroscopy has offered new avenues in which to characterise the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. High-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy allows for the unambiguous detection of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Cathal Maguire , Neale P. Gibson , Stevanus K. Nugroho , Swaetha Ramkumar , Mark Fortune , Stephanie R. Merritt , Ernst de Mooij

We investigate the geometric albedos of hot Jupiters by comparing observational data from space telescopes TESS, Kepler, CoRoT, and CHEOPS against theoretical models. The study aims to understand the distribution of observed geometric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 K. D. Jones , B. M. Morris , K. Heng

Direct atmospheric retrievals of exoplanets at high-resolution have recently allowed for a more detailed characterisation of their chemistry and dynamics from the ground. By monitoring the longitudinal distribution of species, as well as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-03 Cathal Maguire , Neale P. Gibson , Stevanus K. Nugroho , Mark Fortune , Swaetha Ramkumar , Siddharth Gandhi , Ernst de Mooij