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We present an explicit formulation of cosmological perturbation theory for three-field models with a flat field space. By performing rotations to align one field with the direction of curvature perturbations and applying the same rotations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-28 Amjad Ashoorioon , Shinji Mukohyama , Kazem Rezazadeh , Navid Talebizadeh

We construct high-precision models of the Universe that contain radiation, a cosmological constant, and periodically distributed inhomogeneous matter. The density contrasts in these models are allowed to be highly non-linear, and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-24 Viraj A. A. Sanghai , Timothy Clifton

A relativistic cosmological perturbation theory for the Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker universe is presented that explains the masses and formation times of the first structures in our universe. First, it is shown that, without a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-01 Pieter G. Miedema

We construct a phenomenological theory of gravitation based on a second order gauge formulation for the Lorentz group. The model presents a long-range modification for the gravitational field leading to a cosmological model provided with an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-09 R. R. Cuzinatto , C. A. M. de Melo , L. G. Medeiros , P. J. Pompeia

Is gravitational growth responsible for the observed large scale structure in the universe? Do we need non-gaussian initial conditions or non-gravitational physics to explain the large scale features traced by galaxy surveys? I will briefly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Gaztanaga

We consider the evolution of perturbations to a flat FRW universe that arise from a ``stiff source,'' such as a self-ordering cosmic field that forms in a global symmetry-breaking phase transition and evolves via the Kibble mechanism.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Andrew H. Jaffe

In the previous paper [arXiv:2210.10435], the nonlinear perturbation theory of cosmological density field is generalized to include the tensor-valued bias of astronomical objects, such as spins and shapes of galaxies and any other tensors…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-23 Takahiko Matsubara

We give the governing equations for multiple scalar fields in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) background spacetime on all scales, allowing for metric and field perturbations up to second order. We then derive the Klein-Gordon…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-27 Karim A. Malik

The effective evolution of an inhomogeneous universe model in Einstein's theory of gravitation may be described in terms of spatially averaged scalar variables. This evolution can be modeled by solutions of a set of Friedmann equations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-25 Thomas Buchert

Future observations of the large-scale structure have the potential to investigate cosmological models with a high degree of complexity, including the properties of gravity on large scales, the presence of a complicated dark energy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-26 Robert Reischke , Alessio Spurio Mancini , Björn Malte Schäfer , Philipp M. Merkel

$f(R)$ gravity is one of the simplest theories of modified gravity to explain the accelerated cosmic expansion. Although it is usually assumed that the quasi-Newtonian approach (a combination of the quasi-static approximation and sub-Hubble…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-02 Mu-Chen Chiu , Andy Taylor , Chenggang Shu , Hong Tu

We address the issue of cosmological backreaction from non-linear structure formation by constructing an approximation for the time evolved metric of a dust dominated universe based on a gradient expansion. Our metric begins as a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Kari Enqvist , Shaun Hotchkiss , Gerasimos Rigopoulos

We develop a theory of nonlinear cosmological perturbations on superhorizon scales for a single scalar field with a general kinetic term and a general form of the potential. We employ the ADM formalism and the spatial gradient expansion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-24 Yu-ichi Takamizu , Shinji Mukohyama , Misao Sasaki , Yoshiharu Tanaka

We review the doubly gauge invariant formalism of cosmological perturbations in the Randall-Sundrum brane world. This formalism leads to four independent equations describing the evolution of scalar perturbations. Three of these equations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Shinji Mukohyama

We study the cosmological consequences of a recently proposed nonlocal modification of general relativity, obtained by adding a term $m^2R\,\Box^{-2}R$ to the Einstein-Hilbert action. The model has the same number of parameters as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-16 Yves Dirian , Stefano Foffa , Nima Khosravi , Martin Kunz , Michele Maggiore

The cosmic large-scale structure of our Universe is comprised of baryons and cold dark matter (CDM). Yet it is customary to treat these two components as a combined single-matter fluid with vanishing pressure, which is justified only for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-04 Cornelius Rampf , Cora Uhlemann , Oliver Hahn

We present a framework for general relativistic N-body simulations in the regime of weak gravitational fields. In this approach, Einstein's equations are expanded in terms of metric perturbations about a Friedmann-Lema\^itre background,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Julian Adamek , Ruth Durrer , Martin Kunz

A major challenge at the interface of quantum gravity and cosmology is to explain the emergence of the large-scale structure of the Universe from Planck scale physics. In this letter, we extract the dynamics of scalar isotropic cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-23 Alexander F. Jercher , Luca Marchetti , Andreas G. A. Pithis

The universe is smooth on large scales but very inhomogeneous on small scales. Why is the spacetime on large scales modeled to a good approximation by the Friedmann equations? Are we sure that small-scale non-linearities do not induce a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Daniel Baumann , Alberto Nicolis , Leonardo Senatore , Matias Zaldarriaga

A common approach in physics and mathematics is to extend and modify theories and frameworks by considering what is often described as a `natural' extension or modification by including higher-order terms or by introducing other…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Christian G. Boehmer , Eissa Al-Nasrallah