Related papers: Agencies and Science-Experiment Risk
Recent autonomous LLM agents have demonstrated end-to-end automation of machine-learning research. Real-world physical science is intrinsically harder, requiring deep reasoning bounded by physical truth and, because real systems are too…
Research on multi-agent planning has been popular in recent years. While previous research has been motivated by the understanding that, through cooperation, multi-agent systems can achieve tasks that are unachievable by single-agent…
Now almost three decades since its seminal Chevron decision, the Supreme Court has yet to articulate how that case's doctrine of deference to agency statutory interpretations relates to one of the most compelling federalism issues of our…
The influence of the pressure of a chemically inert carrier-gas on the nucleation rate is one of the biggest puzzles in the research of gas-liquid nucleation. Different experiments can show a positive effect, a negative effect, or no effect…
In Probabilistic Risk Management, risk is characterized by two quantities: the magnitude (or severity) of the adverse consequences that can potentially result from the given activity or action, and by the likelihood of occurrence of the…
Violations of the positivity assumption (also called the common support condition) challenge health policy research, and can result in significant bias, large variance, and invalid inference. We define positivity in the single- and…
Atomic experiments bring meaningful and valuable information on fundamental symmetries. The hypothesis of a large ($\sim 100$ eV) P-odd weak matrix element between single-particle states in heavy nuclei is inconsistent with the results of…
In a world of ever-increasing systems interdependence, effective cybersecurity policy design seems to be one of the most critically understudied elements of our national security strategy. Enterprise cyber technologies are often implemented…
As a result of rapidly accelerating AI capabilities, over the past year, national governments and multinational bodies have announced efforts to address safety, security and ethics issues related to AI models. One high priority among these…
Half-lives of radionuclides span more than 50 orders of magnitude. We characterize the probability distribution of this broad-range data set at the same time that explore a method for fitting power-laws and testing goodness-of-fit. It is…
This document is an abbreviated version of the law review, led by Alexander Q. Gilbert, entitled: "Major Federal Actions Significantly Affecting the Quality of the Space Environment: Applying NEPA to Federal and Federally Authorized Outer…
On page 10 of the 2018 National Academies Exoplanet Science Strategy document (NASEM 2018), 'Expect the unexpected' is described as a general principle of the exoplanet field. But for the next 150 pages, this principle is apparently…
Scientists do not merely choose to accept fully formed theories, they also have to decide which models to work on before they are fully developed and tested. Since decisive empirical evidence in favour of a model will not yet have been…
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have made tremendous advancements in the past decades. From simple recommendation systems to more complex tumor identification systems, AI/ML systems have been utilized in a plethora of…
The present experimental tests have proved high precisely the validity of the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) in usual cases. The future experiments should be combined widely with various theories of hidden and obvious violation of PEP.…
We discuss the anthropic principle and its implications for our existence and the physical laws which govern the universe. Several amazing coincidences which provide conditions necessary for creation of life suggest that the "laws of…
In earlier centuries kings and governments employed astrologists to help them take the best decisions. Present-day governments no longer employ astrologists but still have no clear analytical tool to replace them. Over the past two decades…
Simulations, and more recently LLM agent simulations, have been adopted as useful tools for policymakers to explore interventions, rehearse potential scenarios, and forecast outcomes. While LLM simulations have enormous potential, two…
The implications of technological innovation for sustainability are becoming increasingly complex with information technology moving machines from being mere tools for production or objects of consumption to playing a role in economic…
The term natural experiment is used inconsistently. In one interpretation, it refers to an experiment where a treatment is randomly assigned by someone other than the researcher. In another interpretation, it refers to a study in which…