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The compact directed acyclic word graph (CDAWG) is the minimal compact automaton that recognizes all the suffixes of a string. Classically the CDAWG has been implemented as an index of the string it recognizes, requiring $o(n)$ space for a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Alan M. Cleary , Joseph Winjum , Jordan Dood , Shunsuke Inenaga

We study permutation (jumbled/Abelian) pattern matching over a general alphabet $\Sigma$. Given a pattern P of length m and a text T of length n, the classical task is to decide whether T contains a length-m substring whose Parikh vector…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-15 MD Nazmul Alam Shanto , Md. Tanzeem Rahat , Md. Manzurul Hasan

We consider the approximate pattern matching problem under the edit distance. Given a text $T$ of length $n$, a pattern $P$ of length $m$, and a threshold $k$, the task is to find the starting positions of all substrings of $T$ that can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Tomasz Kociumaka , Philip Wellnitz

We consider a class of pattern matching problems where a normalising transformation is applied at every alignment. Normalised pattern matching plays a key role in fields as diverse as image processing and musical information processing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Ayelet Butman , Peter Clifford , Raphael Clifford , Markus Jalsenius , Noa Lewenstein , Benny Porat , Ely Porat , Benjamin Sach

We study the problem of finding maximal exact matches (MEMs) between a query string $Q$ and a labeled graph $G$. MEMs are an important class of seeds, often used in seed-chain-extend type of practical alignment methods because of their…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Nicola Rizzo , Manuel Cáceres , Veli Mäkinen

In this work, we address the problem of approximate pattern matching with wildcards. Given a pattern $P$ of length $m$ containing $D$ wildcards, a text $T$ of length $n$, and an integer $k$, our objective is to identify all fragments of $T$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Gabriel Bathie , Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Tatiana Starikovskaya

We consider the problem of indexing a string $t$ of length $n$ to report the occurrences of a query pattern $p$ containing $m$ characters and $j$ wildcards. Let $occ$ be the number of occurrences of $p$ in $t$, and $\sigma$ the size of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-07 Philip Bille , Inge Li Goertz , Hjalte Wedel Vildhøj , Søren Vind

We consider document listing on string collections, that is, finding in which strings a given pattern appears. In particular, we focus on repetitive collections: a collection of size $N$ over alphabet $[1,\sigma]$ is composed of $D$ copies…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Gonzalo Navarro

In this paper, we explore worst-case solutions for the problems of single and multiple matching on strings in the word RAM model with word length w. In the first problem, we have to build a data structure based on a pattern p of length m…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Djamal Belazzougui

Given a source of iid samples of edges of an input graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, how many samples does one need to compute a constant factor approximation to the maximum matching size in $G$? Moreover, is it possible to obtain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Michael Kapralov , Slobodan Mitrović , Ashkan Norouzi-Fard , Jakab Tardos

In this short note we present a comprehensive bibliography for the online exact string matching problem. The problem consists in finding all occurrences of a given pattern in a text. It is an extensively studied problem in computer science,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-18 Simone Faro

Motivation: The pan-genome can be stored as elastic-degenerate (ED) string, a recently introduced compact representation of multiple overlapping sequences. However, a search over the ED string does not indicate which individuals (if any)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Aleksander Cisłak , Szymon Grabowski

It is widely assumed that $O(m+\lg \sigma)$ is the best one can do for finding a pattern of length $m$ in a compacted trie storing strings over an alphabet of size $\sigma$, if one insists on linear-size data structures and deterministic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-15 Johannes Fischer , Pawel Gawrychowski

The random access problem for compressed strings is to build a data structure that efficiently supports accessing the character in position $i$ of a string given in compressed form. Given a grammar of size $n$ compressing a string of size…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Patrick Hagge Cording

Strings in the real world are often encoded with some level of uncertainty. In the character-level uncertainty model, an uncertain string $X$ of length $n$ on an alphabet $\Sigma$ is a sequence of $n$ probability distributions over…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Esteban Gabory , Chang Liu , Grigorios Loukides , Solon P. Pissis , Wiktor Zuba

Understanding how a vertex relates to a set of vertices is a fundamental task in graph analysis. Given a graph $G$ and a vertex set $X \subseteq V(G)$, consider the collection of subsets of the form $N(u) \cap X$ where $u$ ranges over all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Christine Awofeso , Pål Grønås Drange , Patrick Greaves , Oded Lachish , Felix Reidl

We consider the problem of computing the Maximal Exact Matches (MEMs) of a given pattern $P[1 .. m]$ on a large repetitive text collection $T[1 .. n]$, which is represented as a (hopefully much smaller) run-length context-free grammar of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Gonzalo Navarro

In the String Matching in Labeled Graphs (SMLG) problem, we need to determine whether a pattern string appears on a given labeled graph or a given automaton. Under the Orthogonal Vectors hypothesis, the SMLG problem cannot be solved in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Nicola Cotumaccio

Let $\Sigma$ and $\Pi$ be disjoint alphabets, respectively called the static alphabet and the parameterized alphabet. Two strings $x$ and $y$ over $\Sigma \cup \Pi$ of equal length are said to parameterized match (p-match) if there exists a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Noriki Fujisato , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Motivated by the imminent growth of massive, highly redundant genomic databases, we study the problem of compressing a string database while simultaneously supporting fast random access, substring extraction and pattern matching to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-01 Travis Gagie , Paweł Gawrychowski , Christopher Hoobin , Simon J. Puglisi