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Related papers: EmojiNet: Building a Machine Readable Sense Invent…

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We train word-emoji embeddings on large scale messaging data obtained from the Jodel online social network. Our data set contains more than 40 million sentences, of which 11 million sentences are annotated with a subset of the Unicode 13.0…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Jens Helge Reelfs , Oliver Hohlfeld , Markus Strohmaier , Niklas Henckell

Cross-lingual embeddings represent the meaning of words from different languages in the same vector space. Recent work has shown that it is possible to construct such representations by aligning independently learned monolingual embedding…

Emoji is an essential component in dialogues which has been broadly utilized on almost all social platforms. It could express more delicate feelings beyond plain texts and thus smooth the communications between users, making dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Rui Yan , Maosong Sun

Sentiment analysis on large-scale social media data is important to bridge the gaps between social media contents and real world activities including political election prediction, individual and public emotional status monitoring and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Yuxiao Chen , Jianbo Yuan , Quanzeng You , Jiebo Luo

Based on a large data set of emoji using behavior collected from smartphone users over the world, this paper investigates gender-specific usage of emojis. We present various interesting findings that evidence a considerable difference in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Zhenpeng Chen , Xuan Lu , Wei Ai , Huoran Li , Qiaozhu Mei , Xuanzhe Liu

Given the growing ubiquity of emojis in language, there is a need for methods and resources that shed light on their meaning and communicative role. One conspicuous aspect of emojis is their use to convey affect in ways that may otherwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Abu Shoeb , Gerard de Melo

Memes are a powerful tool for communication over social media. Their affinity for evolving across politics, history, and sociocultural phenomena makes them an ideal communication vehicle. To comprehend the subtle message conveyed within a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Shivam Sharma , Ramaneswaran S , Udit Arora , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

There is a new generation of emoticons, called emojis, that is increasingly being used in mobile communications and social media. In the past two years, over ten billion emojis were used on Twitter. Emojis are Unicode graphic symbols, used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Petra Kralj Novak , Jasmina Smailović , Borut Sluban , Igor Mozetič

As emojis are widely used in social media, people not only use an emoji to express their emotions or mention things but also extend its usage to represent complicate emotions, concepts or activities by combining multiple emojis. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Weitsung Lin , Tinghsuan Chao , Jianmin Wu , Tianhuang Su

The semantics of emoji has, to date, been considered from a static perspective. We offer the first longitudinal study of how emoji semantics changes over time, applying techniques from computational linguistics to six years of Twitter data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Alexander Robertson , Farhana Ferdousi Liza , Dong Nguyen , Barbara McGillivray , Scott A. Hale

Emoji is becoming a ubiquitous language and gaining worldwide popularity in recent years including the field of software engineering (SE). As nonverbal cues, emojis are widely used in user understanding tasks such as sentiment analysis, but…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Xuan Lu , Yanbin Cao , Zhenpeng Chen , Xuanzhe Liu

Large sense-annotated datasets are increasingly necessary for training deep supervised systems in Word Sense Disambiguation. However, gathering high-quality sense-annotated data for as many instances as possible is a laborious and expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Tommaso Pasini , Jose Camacho-Collados

Applying natural language processing for mining and intelligent information access to tweets (a form of microblog) is a challenging, emerging research area. Unlike carefully authored news text and other longer content, tweets pose a number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-26 Leon Derczynski , Diana Maynard , Giuseppe Rizzo , Marieke van Erp , Genevieve Gorrell , Raphaël Troncy , Johann Petrak , Kalina Bontcheva

This project explores emoji prediction from short text sequences using four deep learning architectures: a feed-forward network, CNN, transformer, and BERT. Using the TweetEval dataset, we address class imbalance through focal loss and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Ethan Gordon , Nishank Kuppa , Rigved Tummala , Sriram Anasuri

Effective human-AI interaction relies on AI's ability to accurately perceive and interpret human emotions. Current benchmarks for vision and vision-language models are severely limited, offering a narrow emotional spectrum that overlooks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Christoph Schuhmann , Robert Kaczmarczyk , Gollam Rabby , Felix Friedrich , Maurice Kraus , Krishna Kalyan , Kourosh Nadi , Huu Nguyen , Kristian Kersting , Sören Auer

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has been widely used in recent years with significant improvements for many language pairs. Although state-of-the-art NMT systems are generating progressively better translations, idiom translation remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Marzieh Fadaee , Arianna Bisazza , Christof Monz

Generating emotional language is a key step towards building empathetic natural language processing agents. However, a major challenge for this line of research is the lack of large-scale labeled training data, and previous studies are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Xianda Zhou , William Yang Wang

Communicating data insights in an accessible and engaging manner to a broader audience remains a significant challenge. To address this problem, we introduce the Emoji Encoder, a tool that generates a set of emoji recommendations for the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Matthew Brehmer , Vidya Setlur , Zoe , Michael Correll

Memes are a popular form of communicating trends and ideas in social media and on the internet in general, combining the modalities of images and text. They can express humor and sarcasm but can also have offensive content. Analyzing and…

Sentiment tasks such as hate speech detection and sentiment analysis, especially when performed on languages other than English, are often low-resource. In this study, we exploit the emotional information encoded in emojis to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Susann Boy , Dana Ruiter , Dietrich Klakow