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The magnetic field of the solar corona has a large-scale dipole character, which maps into the bipolar field in the solar wind. Using standard representations of the coronal field, we show that high-energy ions can be trapped stably in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 H. S. Hudson , A. L. MacKinnon , S. F. N. Frewen , M. L. DeRosa

We investigate the thermal, kinematic and magnetic structure of small-scale heating events in an emerging flux region (EFR). We use high-resolution multi-line observations (including Ca II 8542~\AA, Ca II K, and Fe I 6301~\AA line pair) of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-14 Rahul Yadav , Maria D. Kazachenko , Andrey N. Afanasyev , Jaime de la Cruz Rodríguez , Jorrit Leenaarts

The structure of electric current and magnetic helicity in the solar corona is closely linked to solar activity over the 11-year cycle, yet is poorly understood. As an alternative to traditional current-free "potential field"…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 A. R. Yeates , J. A. Constable , P. C. H. Martens

Small-scale eruptions could play an important role in coronal heating, generation of solar energetic particles (SEPs), and mass source of the solar wind. However, they are poorly observed, and their characteristics, distributions, and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Rui Wang , Ying D. Liu , Xiaowei Zhao , Huidong Hu

Sunspots are regions of decreased brightness on the visible surface of the Sun (photosphere) that are associated with strong magnetic fields. They have been found to be locations associated with solar flares, which occur when energy stored…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-24 Sophie A. Murray

The motion of faint propagating disturbances (PD) in the solar corona reveals an intricate structure which must be defined by the magnetic field. Applied to quiet Sun observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)/Solar Dynamics…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Huw Morgan , Marianna Korsos

Coronal jets and bright points occur prolifically in predominantly unipolar magnetic regions, such as coronal holes, where they appear above minority-polarity intrusions. Intermittent low-level reconnection and explosive,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-19 Peter F. Wyper , C. Richard DeVore , Judy T. Karpen , Spiro K. Antiochos , Anthony R. Yeates

In this review, our present day understanding of the Sun's global photospheric and coronal magnetic fields is discussed from both observational and theoretical viewpoints. Firstly, the large-scale properties of photospheric magnetic fields…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 D. H. Mackay , A. R. Yeates

Recent observations from Parker Solar Probe have revealed that the solar wind has a highly variable structure. How this complex behaviour is formed in the solar corona is not yet known, since it requires omnipresent fluctuations, which…

Coronal plumes are bright, narrow structures rooted in coronal holes that contribute to the solar wind. Their composition, particularly elemental fractionation as a function of first ionization potential (FIP), provides diagnostics of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-27 Slimane Mzerguat , Miho Janvier , Eric Buchlin , Deborah Baker , Andy S. H. To , David M. Long , Natalia Zambrana Prado

Observations of the coronae of the Sun and of solar-like stars provide complementary information to advance our understanding of stellar magnetic activity, and of the processes leading to the heating of their outer atmospheres. While solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-19 Paola Testa , Steve Saar , Jeremy Drake

In this review, I focus on the structure and evolution of the coronal magnetic fields modelled from observations. The development of instruments measuring the photospheric and chromospheric magnetic fields with a high spatial and time…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-18 Stephane Regnier

Coronal rain consists of cool plasma condensations formed in coronal loops as a result of thermal instability. The standard models of coronal rain formation assume that the heating is quasi-steady and localised at the coronal loop…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-18 P. Kohutova , E. Verwichte , C. Froment

We investigate the evolution of coronal loop emission in the context of the coronal magnetic field topology. New modeling techniques allow us to investigate the magnetic field structure and energy release in active regions. Using these…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 J. -Y. Lee , Graham Barnes , K. D. Leka , Katharine K. Reeves , K. E. Korreck , L. Golub , E. E. DeLuca

It is extremely difficult to simulate the details of coronal heating and also make meaningful predictions of the emitted radiation. Thus, testing realistic models with observations is a major challenge. Observational signatures of coronal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-02 James A. Klimchuk , Kalman J. Knizhnik , Vadim M. Uritsky

Coronal jets are collimated, dynamic events that occur over a broad range of spatial scales in the solar corona. In the open magnetic field of coronal holes, jets form quasi-radial spires that can extend far out into the heliosphere, while…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-06 P. F. Wyper , C. R. DeVore

Solar coronal rain is classified generally into two categories: flare-driven and quiescent coronal rain. The latter is observed to form along both closed and open magnetic field structures. Recently, we proposed that some of the quiescent…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-14 Leping Li , Hardi Peter , Lakshmi Pradeep Chitta , Hongqiang Song

We examine the role of small-scale transients in the formation and evolution of solar coronal plumes. We study the dynamics of plume footpoints seen in the vicinity of a coronal hole using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images, the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Vaibhav Pant , Laurent Dolla , Rakesh Mazumder , Dipankar Banerjee , S. Krishna Prasad , Vemareddy Panditi

The 1998 April 20 spectral line data from the Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer (CDS) on the {\it Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} (\SOHO) shows a coronal loop on the solar limb. Our original analysis of these data showed that the plasma…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. T. Schmelz , K. Nasraoui , V. L. Richardson , P. J. Hubbard , C. R. Nevels , J. E. Beene

This paper is the second in a series of studies working towards constructing a realistic, evolving, non-potential coronal model for the solar magnetic carpet. In the present study, the interaction of two magnetic elements is considered. Our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-19 K. A. Meyer , D. H. Mackay , A. A. van Ballegooijen