Related papers: A Language-theoretic View on Network Protocols
Techniques in which words are represented as vectors have proved useful in many applications in computational linguistics, however there is currently no general semantic formalism for representing meaning in terms of vectors. We present a…
A program is characterized by its input model, and a formal input model can be of use in diverse areas including vulnerability analysis, reverse engineering, fuzzing and software testing, clone detection and refactoring. Unfortunately,…
Artificial intelligence assisted mathematical proof has become a highly focused area nowadays. One key problem in this field is to generate formal mathematical proofs from natural language proofs. Due to historical reasons, the formal proof…
Context-free grammar simplification is a subject of high importance in computer language processing technology as well as in formal language theory. This paper presents a formalization, using the Coq proof assistant, of the fact that…
Validating the correctness of network protocol implementations is highly challenging due to the oracle and traceability problems. The former determines when a protocol implementation can be considered buggy, especially when the bugs do not…
Various vulnerabilities have been found in message parsers of protocol implementations in the past. Even highly sensitive software components like TLS libraries are affected regularly. Resulting issues range from denial-of-service attacks…
Low-resource languages pose a challenge for machine translation with large language models (LLMs), which require large amounts of training data. One potential way to circumvent this data dependence is to rely on LLMs' ability to use…
Device driver bugs are the leading cause of OS compromises, and their formal verification is therefore highly desirable. To the best of our knowledge, no realistic and performant driver has been verified for a non-trivial device. We propose…
Generating structured input files to test programs can be performed by techniques that produce them from a grammar that serves as the specification for syntactically correct input files. Two interesting scenarios then arise for effective…
Knowing the precise format of a program's input is a necessary prerequisite for systematic testing. Given a program and a small set of sample inputs, we (1) track the data flow of inputs to aggregate input fragments that share the same data…
Internet browsers use security protocols to protect sensitive messages. An inductive analysis of TLS (a descendant of SSL 3.0) has been performed using the theorem prover Isabelle. Proofs are based on higher-order logic and make no…
As large language models become integral to high-stakes applications, ensuring their robustness and fairness is critical. Despite their success, large language models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where small perturbations, such…
A grammar logic refers to an extension to the multi-modal logic K in which the modal axioms are generated from a formal grammar. We consider a proof theory, in nested sequent calculus, of grammar logics with converse, i.e., every modal…
The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem…
Grammar induction has made significant progress in recent years. However, it is not clear how the application of induced grammar could enhance practical performance in downstream tasks. In this work, we introduce an unsupervised grammar…
We present Dependent Lambek Calculus, a domain-specific dependent type theory for verified parsing and formal grammar theory. In $\textrm{Lambek}^D$, linear types are used as a syntax for formal grammars,and parsers can be written as linear…
Humans often employ figurative language use in communication, including during interactions with dialog systems. Thus, it is important for real-world dialog systems to be able to handle popular figurative language constructs like metaphor…
Security protocols are often found to be flawed after their deployment. We present an approach that aims at the neutralization or mitigation of the attacks to flawed protocols: it avoids the complete dismissal of the interested protocol and…
Firewalls are security devices that perform network traffic filtering. They are ubiquitous in the industry and are a common method used to enforce organizational security policy. Security policy is specified on a high level of abstraction,…
To ensure large language models (LLMs) are used safely, one must reduce their propensity to hallucinate or to generate unacceptable answers. A simple and often used strategy is to first let the LLM generate multiple hypotheses and then…