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Related papers: The Catalan Equation in Finitely Generated Domains

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Easily computable lower and upper bounds are found for the sum of Catalan numbers. The lower bound is proven to be tighter than the upper bound, which previously was declared to be only an asymptotic. The average of these bounds is proven…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Kevin Topley

For any prime number p and any positive real number {\alpha}, we construct a finitely generated group {\Gamma} with p-gradient equal to {\alpha}. This construction is used to show that there exist uncountably many pairwise non-commensurable…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-22 Nathaniel Pappas

We give a cyclotomic proof of the fact that the equation $\frac{x^p + y^p}{x+y} = p^e z^q$ has no solutions in coprime integers $x,y,z$ and $p > 3; q$, a pair of distinct odd primes.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Preda Mihailescu

In this paper, we establish two finiteness results and propose a conjecture concerning the Pythagoras number $P(A)$ of a finitely generated real algebra $A$. Let $X \hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n$ be an integral projective surface over…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Yi Ouyang , Qimin Song , Chenhao Zhang

A domain $R$ is said to have the finite factorization property if every nonzero non-unit element of $R$ has at least one and at most finitely many distinct factorizations up to multiplication of irreducible factors by central units. Let $k$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Jason P. Bell , Albert Heinle , Viktor Levandovskyy

In this paper we consider in a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ with smooth boundary an eigenvalue problem for the negative $(p,q)$-Laplacian with a Steklov type boundary condition, where $p\in (1,\infty)$, $q\in (2,\infty)$ and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-03-14 Luminita Barbu , Gheorghe Morosanu

In this paper, we study questions of definability and decidability for infinite algebraic extensions ${\bf K}$ of $\mathbb{F}_p(t)$ and their subrings of $\mathcal{S}$-integral functions. We focus on fields ${\bf K}$ satisfying a local…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-17 Alexandra Shlapentokh , Caleb Springer

We consider hyper- and superelliptic equations $f(x)=by^m$ with unknowns x,y from the ring of S-integers of a given number field K. Here, f is a polynomial with S-integral coefficients of degree n with non-zero discriminant and b is a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Attila Bérczes , Jan-Hendrik Evertse , Kálmán Györy

In this note, we establish $L^p$-bounds for the semigroup $e^{-tq^w(x,D)}$, $t \ge 0$, generated by a quadratic differential operator $q^w(x,D)$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ that is the Weyl quantization of a complex-valued quadratic form $q$ defined…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-05-03 Francis White

For each $p>0$ we define by recurrence a triangle $T^p(n,k)$ whose rows sum to the Fuss-Catalan numbers $ \frac{1}{p n+1}\binom{pn+1}{n}$, generalizing the known Catalan triangle corresponding to the case $p=2$. (In fact, $T^p(n,k)$ has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Francesca Aicardi

Catalan conjecture/Mihailescu theorem is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by Mathematician Eugene Charles Catalan in 1844 and was proved completely by Preda Mihailescu in 2005. Some form of problem dates back atleast to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-05 R. Balasubramanian , Pandey Prem Prakash

A generalization of the Catalan numbers is considered. New results include binomial identities, recursive relations and a close formula for the multivariate generating function. A simple expression for the Catalan determinant is derived.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Siu-Ah Ng

In this paper we are concerned with resolvent estimates for the Laplacian $\Delta$ in Euclidean spaces. Uniform resolvent estimates for $\Delta$ were shown by Kenig, Ruiz and Sogge \cite{KRS} who established rather a complete description of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Yehyun Kwon , Sanghyuk Lee

Building on work of J. Robinson and A. Shlapentokh, we develop a general framework to obtain definability and decidability results of large classes of infinite algebraic extensions of $\mathbb{F}_p(t)$. As an application, we show that for…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Carlos Martinez-Ranero , Dubraska Salcedo , Javier Utreras

In this paper we consider the scale invariant shape functional $${\mathcal{F}}_{p,q}(\Omega)=\frac{\lambda_p^{1/p}(\Omega)}{\lambda_q^{1/q}(\Omega)},$$ where $1\le q<p\le+\infty$ and $\lambda_p(\Omega)$ (respectively $\lambda_q(\Omega)$) is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Dorin Bucur , Giuseppe Buttazzo , Alexis de Villeroché

Let $\E$ be an ordinary elliptic curve over a finite field $\F_{q}$ of $q$ elements and $x(Q)$ denote the $x$-coordinate of a point $Q = (x(Q),y(Q))$ on $\E$. Given an $\F_q$-rational point $P$ of order $T$, we show that for any subsets…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-05 Omran Ahmadi , Igor Shparlinski

In this paper, we study Catalan numbers which can be represented by the p-adic integral on Zp and we investigate some properties and formulae related to Catalan numbers and special numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-02 Taekyun Kim

In this paper, a new method is represented to investigate boundary $W^{2,p}$ estimates for elliptic equations, which is, roughly speaking, to derive boundary $W^{2,p}$ estimates from interior $W^{2,p}$ estimates by Whitney decomposition.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-01-07 Dongsheng Li , Xuemei Li , Kai Zhang

In this paper, we introduce two differential equations arising from the generating function of the Catalan numbers which are `inverses' to each other in some sense. From these differential equations, we obtain some new and explicit…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Taekyun Kim , Dae San Kim

This text evolves from the lecture notes for my course on Catalan's conjecture in winter term 2025/26. The ultimate goal is to give full details of Mih\u{a}ilescu's proof. Current chapters: 1. Euler's theorem: $x^2-y^3=1$; 2. V. Lebesgue's…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Martin Klazar