Related papers: Understanding experimentally-observed fluctuations
We study the effect of thermal blurring caused by the use of (momentum-space) rapidity as a proxy of coordinate-space rapidity in experimental measurements of conserved charge fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions. In…
Bulk fluctuations of conserved charges measured by event-by-event analysis in relativistic heavy ion collisions are observables which are believed to carry significant amount of information on the hot medium created by the collisions.…
In order to compare theoretical calculations of thermal fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as charge susceptibilities or the specific heat, to experimentally measured correlations and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, one must…
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem requires the presence of thermal noise in viscous fluids. The time and length scales of heavy ion collisions are small enough so that the thermal noise can have a measurable effect on observables. Thermal…
We formulate a general theory of thermal fluctuations within causal second-order viscous hydrodynamic evolution of matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The fluctuation is treated perturbatively on top of a boost-invariant…
The cumulants of thermal variables are of general interest in physics due to their extensivity and their correspondence with susceptibilities. They become especially significant near critical points of phase transitions where they diverge…
Fluctuations in the statistical model of heavy ion collisions are studied. The role of statistics, relativity, constraints, decaying resonances and branching processes are investigated using this model. Also studied are thermodynamic…
Overview of event-by-event studies on relativistic heavy-ion collisions is given. I focus on fluctuation measurements and on theoretical ideas which appeared experimentally fruitful.
I review recent measurements of a large set of flow observables associated with event-shape fluctuations and collective expansion in heavy ion collisions. First, these flow observables are classified and experiment methods are introduced.…
We discuss properties and applications of factorial cumulants of various particle numbers and for their mixed channels measured by the event-by-event analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. After defining the factorial cumulants for…
In this review, we systematically examine the principles and the practices of fluctuations such as the momentum and the charge fluctuations as applied to the heavy ion collisions. Main emphases are: (i) Fluctuations as signals of phase…
We propose to characterize heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies by using fluctuations of energy density and temperature. Temperature fluctuations on an event-by-event basis have been studied both in terms of global…
We discuss several possible caveats which arise with the interpretation of measurements of fluctuations in heavy ion collisions. We especially focus on the ratios of particle yields, which has been advocated as a possible signature of a…
We show that the simultaneous measurement of yields and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions is capable of falsifying and constraining the statistical hadronization model. We show how such a measurement can test for chemical…
The dynamical charge fluctuations have been studied in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using hadronic model simulations, such as UrQMD and HIJING. The evolution of fluctuations has been calculated at different time steps during…
Heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies probe matter at extreme conditions of temperatures and energy densities. The study of event-by-event fluctuations of experimental observables is crucial to probe the QCD phase transition, locate…
We will provide a review of some of the physics which can be addressed by studying fluctuations and correlations in heavy ion collisions. We will discuss Lattice QCD results on fluctuations and correlations and will put them into context…
The PHENIX Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has made measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in the net charge, the mean transverse momentum, and the charged particle multiplicity as a function of collision energy,…
We review the phenomenology and theory of bulk observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, focussing on recent developments involving event-by-event fluctuations in the initial stages of a heavy ion collision, and how they…
Study of event by event fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities offer us more insight about the hot and dense matter created in the relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this review the recent results on these studies carried out by the…