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Several hundred Tor exit relays together push more than 1 GiB/s of network traffic. However, it is easy for exit relays to snoop and tamper with anonymised network traffic and as all relays are run by independent volunteers, not all of them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Philipp Winter , Stefan Lindskog

The Onion Router (Tor) is a controversial network whose utility is constantly under scrutiny. On the one hand, it allows for anonymous interaction and cooperation of users seeking untraceable navigation on the Internet. This freedom also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Alfonso Rodriguez Barredo-Valenzuela , Sergio Pastrana Portillo , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

In its more than ten years of existence, the Tor network has seen hundreds of thousands of relays come and go. Each relay maintains several RSA keys, amounting to millions of keys, all archived by The Tor Project. In this paper, we analyze…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 George Kadianakis , Claudia V. Roberts , Laura M. Roberts , Philipp Winter

Tor is the most popular anonymous communication overlay network which hides clients' identities from servers by passing packets through multiple relays. To provide anonymity to both clients and servers, Tor onion services were introduced by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Md Washik Al Azad , Hasniuj Zahan , Sifat Ut Taki , Spyridon Mastorakis

Onion services are anonymous network services that are exposed over the Tor network. In contrast to conventional Internet services, onion services are private, generally not indexed by search engines, and use self-certifying domain names…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Philipp Winter , Anne Edmundson , Laura M. Roberts , Agnieszka Dutkowska-Zuk , Marshini Chetty , Nick Feamster

Tor is one of the most well-known networks that protects the identity of both content providers and their clients against any tracking or tracing on the Internet. So far, most research attention has been focused on investigating the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Mahdieh Zabihimayvan , Derek Doran

Tor and hidden services have emerged as a practical solution to protect user privacy against tracking and censorship. At the same time, little is known about the lifetime and nature of hidden services. Data collection and study of Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Amirali Sanatinia , Jeman Park , Erik-Oliver Blass , Aziz Mohaisen , Guevara Noubir

Being a volunteer-run, distributed anonymity network, Tor is vulnerable to Sybil attacks. Little is known about real-world Sybils in the Tor network, and we lack practical tools and methods to expose Sybil attacks. In this work, we develop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Philipp Winter , Roya Ensafi , Karsten Loesing , Nick Feamster

The Tor anonymity network is difficult to measure because, if not done carefully, measurements could risk the privacy (and potentially the safety) of the network's users. Recent work has proposed the use of differential privacy and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Akshaya Mani , T Wilson-Brown , Rob Jansen , Aaron Johnson , Micah Sherr

Tor enables anonymous web browsing and access to anonymous onion websites. Prior work has focused on crawling and content analysis rather than on what users actually try to access. Our honeypot approach measures engagement across onion-site…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Arttu Paju , Waris Abdullah , Juha Nurmi

Tor Onion Services are a way to host websites and other internet services anonymously. Onion Services are often used to bypass internet censorship and provide information services to users in oppressive regimes. This paper presents an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Q Misell

We present ShorTor, a protocol for reducing latency on the Tor network. ShorTor uses multi-hop overlay routing, a technique typically employed by content delivery networks, to influence the route Tor traffic takes across the internet.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Kyle Hogan , Sacha Servan-Schreiber , Zachary Newman , Ben Weintraub , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Srinivas Devadas

The dark web has become notorious for its association with illicit activities and there is a growing need for systems to automate the monitoring of this space. This paper proposes an end-to-end scalable architecture for the early…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Javier Pastor-Galindo , Hông-Ân Sandlin , Félix Gómez Mármol , Gérôme Bovet , Gregorio Martínez Pérez

Anonymity networks are providing practical mechanisms to protect its users against censorship by hiding their identity and information content. The best-known anonymity network, The Onion Routing (Tor) network, is however subject to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Anna Engelmann , Admela Jukan

Tor is an anonymity network that allows offering and accessing various kinds of resources, known as hidden services, while guaranteeing sender and receiver anonymity. The Tor web is the set of web resources that exist on the Tor network,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Massimo Bernaschi , Alessandro Celestini , Marco Cianfriglia , Stefano Guarino , Flavio Lombardi , Enrico Mastrostefano

The unevenness importance of criminal activities in the onion domains of the Tor Darknet and the different levels of their appeal to the end-user make them tangled to measure their influence. To this end, this paper presents a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Mhd Wesam Al-Nabki , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Deisy Chaves

Based on the principle of onion routing, the Tor network achieves anonymity for its users by relaying user data over a series of intermediate relays. This approach makes congestion control in the network a challenging task. As of today,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Christoph Döpmann , Felix Fiedler , Sergio Lucia , Florian Tschorsch

Tor is a communications infrastructure widely used for unfettered and anonymous access to Internet websites. Tor is also used to access sites on the .onion virtual domain. The focus of .onion use and discussion has traditionally been on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Paul Syverson , Griffin Boyce

In an onion routing protocol, messages travel through several intermediaries before arriving at their destinations, they are wrapped in layers of encryption (hence they are called "onions"). The goal is to make it hard to establish who sent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Megumi Ando , Anna Lysyanskaya , Eli Upfal

Tor onion services rely on long-lived introduction circuits to support anonymous rendezvous between clients and services. Although Tor incorporates defenses against traffic analysis, the introduction protocol retains deterministic routing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Nicolas Constantinides
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