Related papers: Classifying Subatomic Domains
A semidomain is an additive submonoid of an integral domain that is closed under multiplication and contains the identity element. Although atomicity and divisibility in integral domains have been systematically investigated for more than…
A commutative monoid is atomic if every non-invertible element factors into irreducibles (also called atoms), while an integral (semi)domain is atomic if its multiplicative monoid is atomic. Notions weaker than atomicity have been…
In algebra, atomicity is the study of divisibility by and factorizations into atoms (also called irreducibles). In one side of the spectrum of atomicity we find the antimatter algebraic structures, inside which there are no atoms and,…
In classical factorization theory, an integral domain is called \emph{atomic} if every nonzero nonunit element can be written as a finite product of irreducible elements. Here, we introduce and study a weaker notion of atomicity, which…
Let $M$ be a cancellative and commutative monoid (written additively). The monoid $M$ is atomic if every non-invertible element can be written as a sum of irreducible elements (often called atoms in the literature). Weaker versions of…
We develop almost ring theory, which is a domain of mathematics somewhere halfway between ring theory and category theory (whence the difficulty of finding appropriate MSC-class numbers). We apply this theory to valuation theory and to…
This book is a rigorous and conceptually oriented introduction to ring theory. The emphasis is on structural understanding rather than encyclopedic coverage: rings are studied through ideals, homomorphisms, quotients, and universal…
This paper presents two facets. First, we show that the periodic table of chemical elements can be described, understood and modified (as far as its format is concerned) on the basis of group theory and more specifically by using the group…
We discuss various factorial properties of subrings as well as properties involving irreducible and square-free elements, in particular ones connected with Jacobian conditions.
The concepts of complementarity and entanglement are considered with respect to their significance in and beyond physics. A formally generalized, weak version of quantum theory, more general than ordinary quantum theory of material systems,…
If every subring of an integral domain is atomic, then we say that the latter is hereditarily atomic. In this paper, we study hereditarily atomic domains. First, we characterize when certain direct limits of Dedekind domains are Dedekind…
An atomic monoid $M$ is called length-factorial if for every non-invertible element $x \in M$, no two distinct factorizations of $x$ into irreducibles have the same length (i.e., number of irreducible factors, counting repetitions). The…
In this paper, we address various aspects of divisibility by irreducibles in rings consisting of integer-valued polynomials. An integral domain is called atomic if every nonzero nonunit factors into irreducibles. Atomic domains that do not…
Using polynomial evaluation, we give some useful criteria to answer questions about divisibility of polynomials. This allows us to develop interesting results concerning the prime elements in the domain of coefficients. In particular, it is…
Given a join semilattice $S$ with a minimum $\hat{0}$, the quarks (also called atoms in order theory) are the elements that cover $\hat{0}$, and for each $x \in S \setminus \{\hat{0}\}$ a factorization (into quarks) of $x$ is a minimal set…
These results stem from a course on ring theory. Quantum planes are rings in two variables $x$ and $y$ such that $yx=qxy$ where $q$ is a nonzero constant. When $q=1$ a quantum plane is simply a commutative polynomial ring in two variables.…
A new realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is introduced. Quantum systems are shown to have two kinds of properties: the usual ones described by values of quantum observables, which are called extrinsic, and those that can be…
In this paper, we introduce a class of quasipolar rings which is a generalization of $J$-quasipolar rings. Let $R$ be a ring with identity. An element $a \in R$ is called {\it $\delta$-quasipolar} if there exists $p^2 = p\in comm^2(a)$ such…
Compact categories have lately seen renewed interest via applications to quantum physics. Being essentially finite-dimensional, they cannot accomodate (co)limit-based constructions. For example, they cannot capture protocols such as quantum…
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of some of the foundational properties of categories enriched over quantaloids, along with several new results. We demonstrate that the category whose objects are quantaloid-enriched categories…