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Effective reinforcement learning (RL) for complex stochastic systems requires leveraging historical data collected in previous iterations to accelerate policy optimization. Classical experience replay treats all past observations uniformly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Hua Zheng , Wei Xie , M. Ben Feng , Keilung Choy

Recent Continual Learning (CL)-based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (TKGR) methods focus on significantly reducing computational cost and mitigating catastrophic forgetting caused by fine-tuning models with new data. However, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhiyu Zhang , Wei Chen , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wan

Online Continual Learning (OCL) empowers machine learning models to acquire new knowledge online across a sequence of tasks. However, OCL faces a significant challenge: catastrophic forgetting, wherein the model learned in previous tasks is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Fan Lyu , Daofeng Liu , Linglan Zhao , Zhang Zhang , Fanhua Shang , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Liang Wang

Given the inherent non-stationarity prevalent in real-world applications, continual Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to equip the agent with the capability to address a series of sequentially presented decision-making tasks. Within this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Feng Chen , Fuguang Han , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Continual learning, the setting where a learning agent is faced with a never ending stream of data, continues to be a great challenge for modern machine learning systems. In particular the online or "single-pass through the data" setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Rahaf Aljundi , Lucas Caccia , Eugene Belilovsky , Massimo Caccia , Min Lin , Laurent Charlin , Tinne Tuytelaars

Episodic memory is a psychology term which refers to the ability to recall specific events from the past. We suggest one advantage of this particular type of memory is the ability to easily assign credit to a specific state when remembered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Kenny J. Young , Richard S. Sutton , Shuo Yang

Identification of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems plays an important role in control and reinforcement learning. Both asymptotic and finite-time offline system identification are well-studied in the literature. For online system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Ting-Jui Chang , Shahin Shahrampour

Artificial neural networks are promising for general function approximation but challenging to train on non-independent or non-identically distributed data due to catastrophic forgetting. The experience replay buffer, a standard component…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Qingfeng Lan , Yangchen Pan , Jun Luo , A. Rupam Mahmood

Recently, neuro-inspired episodic control (EC) methods have been developed to overcome the data-inefficiency of standard deep reinforcement learning approaches. Using non-/semi-parametric models to estimate the value function, they learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Andrea Agostinelli , Kai Arulkumaran , Marta Sarrico , Pierre Richemond , Anil Anthony Bharath

We consider the problem of learning multiple tasks in a continual learning setting in which data from different tasks is presented to the learner in a streaming fashion. A key challenge in this setting is the so-called "catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Christiaan Lamers , Rene Vidal , Nabil Belbachir , Niki van Stein , Thomas Baeck , Paris Giampouras

The utilization of the experience replay mechanism enables agents to effectively leverage their experiences on several occasions. In previous studies, the sampling probability of the transitions was modified based on their relative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Arda Sarp Yenicesu , Furkan B. Mutlu , Suleyman S. Kozat , Ozgur S. Oguz

Online reinforcement learning agents are currently able to process an increasing amount of data by converting it into a higher order value functions. This expansion of the information collected from the environment increases the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Mirza Ramicic , Andrea Bonarini

Random reshuffling, which randomly permutes the dataset each epoch, is widely adopted in model training because it yields faster convergence than with-replacement sampling. Recent studies indicate greedily chosen data orderings can further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Yucheng Lu , Wentao Guo , Christopher De Sa

Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) is a foundational framework for supervised learning but primarily optimizes average-case performance, often neglecting fairness and robustness considerations. Tilted Empirical Risk Minimization (TERM)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-19 Yigit E. Yildirim , Samet Demir , Zafer Dogan

In continual learning, a system learns from non-stationary data streams or batches without catastrophic forgetting. While this problem has been heavily studied in supervised image classification and reinforcement learning, continual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan

The use of episodic memory in continual learning has demonstrated effectiveness for alleviating catastrophic forgetting. In recent studies, gradient-based approaches have been developed to make more efficient use of compact episodic memory.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-15 Yu Chen , Tom Diethe , Peter Flach

We present Generalized Contrastive Divergence (GCD), a novel objective function for training an energy-based model (EBM) and a sampler simultaneously. GCD generalizes Contrastive Divergence (Hinton, 2002), a celebrated algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Sangwoong Yoon , Dohyun Kwon , Himchan Hwang , Yung-Kyun Noh , Frank C. Park

A widely-studied deep reinforcement learning (RL) technique known as Prioritized Experience Replay (PER) allows agents to learn from transitions sampled with non-uniform probability proportional to their temporal-difference (TD) error.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Baturay Saglam , Furkan B. Mutlu , Dogan C. Cicek , Suleyman S. Kozat

Lack of performance when it comes to continual learning over non-stationary distributions of data remains a major challenge in scaling neural network learning to more human realistic settings. In this work we propose a new conceptualization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Matthew Riemer , Ignacio Cases , Robert Ajemian , Miao Liu , Irina Rish , Yuhai Tu , Gerald Tesauro

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods rely on experience replay to approximate the minibatched supervised learning setting; however, unlike supervised learning where access to lots of training data is crucial to generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Brett Daley , Cameron Hickert , Christopher Amato