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Quantum networks have experienced rapid advancements in both theoretical and experimental domains over the last decade, making it increasingly important to understand their large-scale features from the viewpoint of statistical physics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Xiangyi Meng , Xinqi Hu , Yu Tian , Gaogao Dong , Renaud Lambiotte , Jianxi Gao , Shlomo Havlin

Quantum networks are promising tools for the implementation of long-range quantum communication. The characterization of quantum correlations in networks and their usefulness for information processing is therefore central for the progress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 Kiara Hansenne , Zhen-Peng Xu , Tristan Kraft , Otfried Gühne

Entanglement is unanimously recognized as the key communication resource of the Quantum Internet. Yet, the possibility of implementing novel network functionalities by exploiting the marvels of entanglement has been poorly investigated so…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Si-Yi Chen , Jessica Illiano , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

Distributed quantum computing combines the computational power of multiple devices to overcome the limitations of individual devices. Circuit cutting techniques enable the distribution of quantum computations through classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Marvin Bechtold , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Alexander Mandl

We present a static framework for analysing quantum routing protocols that we call the \textit{cost-vector formalism}. Here, quantum networks are recast as multi-graphs where edges represent two-qubit entanglement resources that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Hudson Leone , Nathaniel R. Miller , Deepesh Singh , Nathan K. Langford , Peter P. Rohde

Large-scale quantum networks have been employed to overcome practical constraints of transmissions and storage for single entangled systems. Our goal in this article is to explore the strong entanglement distribution of quantum networks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Xue Yang , Yan-Han Yang , Ming-Xing Luo

In the era of 6G and beyond, space-aerial-terrestrial quantum networks (SATQNs) are shaping the future of the global-scale quantum Internet. This paper investigates the collaboration among satellite, aerial, and terrestrial quantum networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Yu Zhang , Yanmin Gong , Lei Fan , Yu Wang , Zhu Han , Yuanxiong Guo

Classical game theory is a powerful tool focusing on optimized resource distribution, allocation and sharing in classical wired and wireless networks. As quantum networks are emerging as a means of providing true connectivity between…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Indrakshi Dey , Nicola Marchetti , Marcello Caleffi , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

Nonlocality is a key feature of quantum networks and is being studied for its potential applications in quantum communication and computing. Understanding and harnessing nonlocality in quantum networks could lead to the development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Jun-Li Jiang , Xin-Zhu Liu , Xue Yang , Xiuyong Ding , Da Zhang , Ming-Xing Luo

We consider quantum and private communications assisted by repeaters, from the basic scenario of a single repeater chain to the general case of an arbitrarily-complex quantum network, where systems may be routed through single or multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-17 Stefano Pirandola

Quantum networks connecting quantum processing nodes via photonic links enable distributed and modular quantum computation. In this framework, quantum gates between remote qubits can be realized using quantum teleportation protocols. The…

Spin network systems can be used to achieve quantum state transfer with high fidelity and to generate entanglement. A new approach to design spin-chain-based spin network systems, for shortrange quantum information processing and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-01 Abdulsalam H. Alsulami , Irene D'Amico , Marta P. Estarellas , Timothy P. Spiller

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the scalability challenges and opportunities in quantum communication networks, with the goal of determining parameters that impact networks most as well as the trends that appear when scaling…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Connor Howe , Mohsin Aziz , Ali Anwar

Quantum entanglement is a crucial element of establishing the entangled network structure of the quantum Internet. Here we define a method to achieve controlled entanglement access in the quantum Internet. The proposed model defines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-02 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Given the diverse array of physical systems available for quantum computing and the absence of a well-defined quantum internet protocol stack, the design and optimisation of quantum networking protocols remain largely unexplored. To address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Vinay Kumar , Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Quantum Key Distribution has become a mature quantum technology that has outgrown dedicated links and is ready to be incorporated into the classical infrastructure. In this scenario with multiple potential nodes, it is crucial having…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Lidia Ruiz , Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) holds immense promise in harnessing the potential of quantum computing by interconnecting multiple small quantum computers (QCs) through a quantum data network (QDN). Establishing long-distance quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Jie Xu

How to efficiently distribute entanglement over large-scale quantum networks is still an open problem that greatly depends on the technology considered. In this work, we consider quantum networks where each link is characterized by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Bruno C. Coutinho , Raul Monteiro , Luís Bugalho , Francisco A. Monteiro

We present a generalization of quantum teleportation that distributes quantum information from a sender's $d$-level particle to $N_o$ particles held by remote receivers via an initially shared multiparticle entangled state. This entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Mio Murao , Martin B. Plenio , Vlatko Vedral

As sensor nodes are deployed anywhere in a wireless sensor network, hence their communication can be easily monitored. In these networks, message protection and node identification are very issues. Hence, security of large scale such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-04-04 S. Ahmed , N. Javaid , S. H. Bouk , A. Javaid , M. A. Khan , Z. A. Khan