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In statistics, assuming samples are independent is reasonable. However, this property can fail to hold for the features, a distinction that has led to several lines of work aiming to remove the latter assumption of independence present in…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Simona Diaconu

In this paper we consider the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph in the sparse regime in the limit as the number of vertices $n$ tends to infinity. We are interested in what this graph looks like when it contains many triangles, in two…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Suman Chakraborty , Remco van der Hofstad , Frank den Hollander

We use random matrix theory to study the spectrum of random geometric graphs, a fundamental model of spatial networks. Considering ensembles of random geometric graphs we look at short range correlations in the level spacings of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-06-08 Carl P. Dettmann , Orestis Georgiou , Georgie Knight

We study the properties of random graphs where for each vertex a {\it neighbourhood} has been previously defined. The probability of an edge joining two vertices depends on whether the vertices are neighbours or not, as happens in Small…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 Sebastian Risau-Gusman

The Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph is the simplest model for node degree distribution, and it is one of the most widely studied. In this model, pairs of $n$ vertices are selected and connected uniformly at random with probability $p$,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-10 Boshra Alarfaj , Charles Taylor , Leonid Bogachev

In this paper, we give a short proof of the weak convergence to the Kesten-McKay distribution for the normalized spectral measures of random $N$-lifts. This result is derived by generalizing a formula of Friedman involving Chebyshev…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Yulin Gong , Wenbo Li , Shiping Liu

A large i.i.d. random matrix with deterministic low-rank perturbation has been extensively studied, particularly in the aspects of the ESD (Empirical Spectral Distribution) and the outliers of eigenvalues. In this work, we investigate the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kun Chen , Zhihua Zhang

Limiting distributions are derived for the sparse connected components that are present when a random graph on $n$ vertices has approximately $\half n$ edges. In particular, we show that such a graph consists entirely of trees, unicyclic…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Svante Janson , Donald E. Knuth , Tomasz Łuczak , Boris Pittel

Statistical field theory methods have been very successful with a number of random graph and random matrix problems, but it is challenging to apply these methods to graphs with prescribed degree sequences due to the extensive number of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-20 Pawat Akara-pipattana , Oleg Evnin

In the sufficiently sparse case, we find the probability that a uniformly random bipartite graph with given degree sequence contains no edge from a specified set of edges. This enables us to enumerate loop-free digraphs and oriented graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Catherine Greenhill , Mahdieh Hasheminezhad , Isaiah Iliffe , Brendan D. McKay

We study the expected adjacency matrix of a uniformly random multigraph with fixed degree sequence $\mathbf{d} \in \mathbb{Z}_+^n$. This matrix arises in a variety of analyses of networked data sets, including modularity-maximization and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Philip S. Chodrow

We study how eigenvectors of random regular graphs behave when projected onto fixed directions. For a random $d$-regular graph with $N$ vertices, where the degree $d$ grows slowly with $N$, we prove that these projections follow…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Leonhard Nagel

We study the spectrum of adjacency matrices of random graphs. We develop two techniques to lower bound the mass of the continuous part of the spectral measure or the density of states. As an application, we prove that the spectral measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Charles Bordenave , Arnab Sen , Balint Virag

Analyzing the spectral behavior of random matrices with dependency among entries is a challenging problem. The adjacency matrix of the random $d$-regular graph is a prominent example that has attracted immense interest. A crucial spectral…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-07 Jaehun Lee , Kyeongsik Nam

We investigate whether it is typical for a sparse graph to be uniquely characterized by its adjacency spectrum up to isomorphism. Our first result shows that the giant component of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph is cospectral when the average…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Nils Van de Berg , Alexander Van Werde

Denote by $A$ the adjacency matrix of an Erdos-Renyi graph with bounded average degree. We consider the problem of maximizing $\langle A-E\{A\},X\rangle$ over the set of positive semidefinite matrices $X$ with diagonal entries $X_{ii}=1$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-25 Andrea Montanari , Subhabrata Sen

The eigenvector Empirical Spectral Distribution (VESD) is adopted to investigate the limiting behavior of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of covariance matrices. In this paper, we shall show that the Kolmogorov distance between the expected…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-25 Ningning Xia , Yingli Qin , Zhidong Bai

We consider general Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) where the sufficient statistics are functions of homomorphism counts for a fixed collection of simple graphs $F_k$. Whereas previous work has shown a degeneracy phenomenon in dense…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-04 Nicholas A. Cook , Amir Dembo

We consider classes of pseudo-random graphs on $n$ vertices for which the degree of every vertex and the co-degree between every pair of vertices are in the intervals $(np - Cn^\delta,np+Cn^\delta)$ and $(np^2- C n^\delta, np^2 +C…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-13 Anirban Basak , Shankar Bhamidi , Suman Chakraborty , Andrew Nobel

We study random graphs with arbitrary distributions of expected degree and derive expressions for the spectra of their adjacency and modularity matrices. We give a complete prescription for calculating the spectra that is exact in the limit…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-02-04 Raj Rao Nadakuditi , M. E. J. Newman