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Recently, loop integrands for certain Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes and correlation functions have been shown to be systematically expressible in dlog form, raising the possibility that these loop integrals can be performed directly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Arthur E. Lipstein , Lionel Mason

On-shell methods offer an alternative definition of quantum field theory at tree-level, replacing Feynman diagrams with recursion relations and interaction vertices with a handful of seed scattering amplitudes. In this paper we determine…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-11-10 Clifford Cheung , Chia-Hsien Shen , Jaroslav Trnka

The integration by parts recurrence relations allow to reduce some Feynman integrals to more simple ones (with some lines missing). Nevertheless the possibility of such reduction for the given particular integral was unclear. The recently…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 P. A. Baikov

This article studies methods to obtain relations for scattering amplitudes at the loop level, with concrete examples at one loop. These methods originate in the analysis of large so-called Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten shifts of tree level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-30 Rutger H. Boels , Reinke Sven Isermann

We discuss the duality theorem, which provides a relation between loop integrals and phase space integrals. We rederive the duality relation for the one-loop case and extend it to two and higher-order loops. We explicitly show its…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-03 Isabella Bierenbaum , Stefano Catani , Petros Draggiotis , German Rodrigo

The loop-tree duality (LTD) has become a novelty alternative to bootstrap the numerical evaluation of multi-loop scattering amplitudes. It has indeed been found that Feynman integrands, after the application of LTD, display a representation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-29 William J. Torres Bobadilla

Building upon the algebraic consistency construction of one-loop Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators for Yang-Mills (YM) and Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) theories, we explore the expansion formula of one-loop Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-23 Yi-Jian Du , Chongsi Xie

We provide a new derivation of the fundamental BCJ relation among double color ordered tree amplitudes of bi-adjoint scalar theory, based on the leading soft theorem for external scalars. Then, we generalize the fundamental BCJ relation to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Fang-Stars Wei , Kang Zhou

We introduce a novel, systematic method for the complete symbolic reduction of multi-loop Feynman integrals, leveraging the power of generating functions. The differential equations governing these generating functions naturally yield…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-30 Bo Feng , Xiang Li , Yuanche Liu , Yan-Qing Ma , Yang Zhang

We present an interesting study of Feynman integral reduction that does not employ integration-by-parts identities. Our approach proceeds by studying the equivalence relations of integral contours in the Feynman parameterization. We find…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-30 Ziwen Wang , Li Lin Yang

We give a proof of BCFW recursion relations for all tree-level amplitudes of gravitons in General Relativity. The proof follows the same basic steps as in the BCFW construction and it is an extension of the one given for next-to-MHV…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-04-17 Paolo Benincasa , Camille Boucher-Veronneau , Freddy Cachazo

Scattering amplitudes for colored theories have recently been formulated in a new way, in terms of curves on surfaces. In this note we describe a canonical set of functions we call surface functions, associated to all orders in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Hadleigh Frost , Giulio Salvatori

We describe the origins of recurrence relations between field theory amplitudes in terms of the construction of Feynman diagrams. In application we derive recurrence relations for the amplitudes of QED which hold to all loop orders and for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Anton Ilderton

We investigate Feynman diagrams which are calculable in terms of generalized one-loop functions, and explore how the presence or absence of transcendentals in their counterterms reflects the entanglement of link diagram constructed from…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-13 Dirk Kreimer

We find that unitarity cuts and the duality between color and kinematics are sufficient constraints to bootstrap $D$-dimensional QCD scattering amplitudes starting from three-particle tree-level. Specifically, we calculate tree level…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-25 John Joseph M. Carrasco , Aslan Seifi

We give a coalgebra structure on 1-vertex irreducible graphs which is that of a cocommutative coassociative graded connected coalgebra. We generalize the coproduct to the algebraic representation of graphs so as to express a bare 1-particle…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Angela Mestre

The free energy of the Ginzburg-Landau theory satisfies a nonlinear functional differential equation which is turned into a recursion relation. The latter is solved graphically order by order in the loop expansion to find all connected…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Hagen Kleinert , Axel Pelster , Bruno Van den Bossche

We study the algebraic and analytic structure of Feynman integrals by proposing an operation that maps an integral into pairs of integrals obtained from a master integrand and a corresponding master contour. This operation is a coaction. It…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-09 Samuel Abreu , Ruth Britto , Claude Duhr , Einan Gardi

In this paper, the connections among $1$-loop Feynman integrands of a large variety of theories with massless external states are further investigated. The work includes two parts. First, we construct a new class of differential operators…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou

We suggest a new approach for the automatic and fully numerical evaluation of one-loop scattering amplitudes in perturbative quantum field theory. We use suitably formulated dispersion relations to perform the calculation as a convolution…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-09-29 M. Moretti , F. Piccinini , A. D. Polosa
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