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We study double copy relations for loop integrands in gauge theories and gravity based on their constructions from single cuts, which are in turn obtained from forward limits of lower-loop cases. While such a construction from forward…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-30 Qu Cao , Song He , Yong Zhang , Fan Zhu

We study the relationship between the momentum twistor MHV vertex expansion of planar amplitudes in N=4 super-Yang-Mills and the all-loop generalization of the BCFW recursion relations. We demonstrate explicitly in several examples that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 Song He , Tristan McLoughlin

We discuss new ideas for consideration of loop diagrams and angular integrals in $D$-dimensions in QCD. In case of loop diagrams, we propose the covariant formalism of expansion of tensorial loop integrals into the orthogonal basis of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-06-11 Valery E. Lyubovitskij , Fabian Wunder , Alexey S. Zhevlakov

Recently, by using the known structure of one-loop scattering amplitudes for gluons in Yang-Mills theory, a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes has been deduced. Here, we give a short and direct proof of this recursion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-07 Ruth Britto , Freddy Cachazo , Bo Feng , Edward Witten

We show how by reassembling the tree level gluon Feynman diagrams in a convenient gauge, space-cone, we can explicitly derive the BCFW recursion relations. Moreover, the proof of the gluon recursion relations hinges on an identity in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Diana Vaman , York-Peng Yao

Following~\cite{Arkani-Hamed:2017thz}, we derive a recursion relation by applying a one-parameter deformation of kinematic variables for tree-level scattering amplitudes in bi-adjoint $\phi^3$ theory. The recursion relies on properties of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-28 Song He , Qinglin Yang

We illustrate a duality relation between one-loop integrals and single-cut phase-space integrals. The duality relation is realised by a modification of the customary +i0 prescription of the Feynman propagators. The new prescription…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-13 German Rodrigo , Stefano Catani , Tanju Gleisberg , Frank Krauss , Jan-Christopher Winter

In this review, we discuss recent developments concerning efficient calculations of multi-loop multi-leg scattering amplitudes. Inspired by the remarkable properties of the Loop-Tree Duality (LTD), we explain how to reconstruct an integrand…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-30 German F. R. Sborlini

We elaborate on the recent idea of a direct decomposition of Feynman integrals onto a basis of master integrals on maximal cuts using intersection numbers. We begin by showing an application of the method to the derivation of contiguity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-26 Hjalte Frellesvig , Federico Gasparotto , Stefano Laporta , Manoj K. Mandal , Pierpaolo Mastrolia , Luca Mattiazzi , Sebastian Mizera

A method for calculating the $1/d$ expansion coefficients for solutions of integration by parts relations for Feynman integrals is presented. The idea is to use linear substitutions to transform these relations to an explicitly recursive…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-21 P. A. Baikov

Recent progress in unitarity techniques for one-loop scattering amplitudes makes a numerical implementation of this method possible. We present a 4-dimensional unitarity method for calculating the cut-constructible part of amplitudes and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-17 R. K. Ellis , W. T. Giele , Z. Kunszt

We present a new formula for the coaction of a large class of integrals. When applied to one-loop (cut) Feynman integrals, it can be given a diagrammatic representation purely in terms of pinches and cuts of the edges of the graph. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-03-16 Samuel Abreu , Ruth Britto , Claude Duhr , Einan Gardi

We give an explicit recursive formula for the all L-loop integrand for scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM in the planar limit, manifesting the full Yangian symmetry of the theory. This generalizes the BCFW recursion relation for tree…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-01-17 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Jacob L. Bourjaily , Freddy Cachazo , Simon Caron-Huot , Jaroslav Trnka

A systematic study of the scalar one-loop two-, three-, and four-point Feynman integrals is performed. We consider all cases of mass assignment and external invariants and derive closed expressions in arbitrary space-time dimension in terms…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-04-14 Johannes Bluemlein , Khiem Hong Phan , Tord Riemann

QCD amplitudes with many external fields have been studied for a long time. At tree-level, the amplitudes can be obtained effectively by the BCFW recursion relations. In this article, we extend the Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Gang Chen

We present a systematic method to evaluate the splitting functions for tree-level QCD processes where m partons approach the collinear limit. The splitting functions are computed by deriving on-shell recursion equations, which are similar…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-10-03 Stefano Catani , Petros Draggiotis , Germán Rodrigo

We develop an iterative method for constructing four-dimensional generalized unitarity cuts in $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory coupled to fundamental matter hypermultiplets ($\mathcal{N} = 2$ SQCD). For iterated…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-08 Gregor Kälin , Gustav Mogull , Alexander Ochirov

We describe a new, convenient, recursive tensor integral reduction scheme for one-loop $n$-point Feynman integrals. The reduction is based on the algebraic Davydychev-Tarasov formalism where the tensors are represented by scalars with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-03 Theodoros Diakonidis , Jochem Fleischer , Tord Riemann , Bas Tausk

A method to separate pentagon contributions from the evaluation of the cut constructible part of primitive amplitudes within the framework of D-dimensional unitarity is proposed. The cut constructible part is thus reconstructed with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-30 Achilleas Lazopoulos

General one-loop integrals with arbitrary mass and kinematical parameters in $d$-dimensional space-time are studied. By using Bernstein theorem, a recursion relation is obtained which connects $(n+1)$-point to $n$-point functions. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 Norihisa Watanabe , Toshiaki Kaneko