Related papers: Testing gauge-invariant perturbation theory
The problem of defining a gauge invariant effective potential with a strict energetic interpretation is examined in the context of spontaneously broken gauge theories. It is shown that such a potential can be defined in terms of a composite…
We show that natural noncommutative gauge theory models on $\mathbb{R}^3_\lambda$ can accommodate gauge invariant harmonic terms, thanks to the existence of a relationship between the center of $\mathbb{R}^3_\lambda$ and the components of…
Gauge-invariant treatments of general-relativistic higher-order perturbations on generic background spacetime is proposed. We show the fact that the linear-order metric perturbation is decomposed into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant…
We study the effects of gauge-symmetry breaking (GSB) perturbations in three-dimensional lattice gauge theories with scalar fields. We study this issue at transitions in which gauge correlations are not critical and the gauge symmetry only…
The ``close limit,'' a method based on perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime, has proved to be a very useful tool for finding approximate solutions to models of black hole collisions. Calculations carried out with second order…
The modern description of elementary particles, as formulated in the Standard Model of particle physics, is built on gauge theories. Gauge theories implement fundamental laws of physics by local symmetry constraints. For example, in quantum…
We present a perturbative treatment of gravitational wave memory. The coordinate invariance of Einstein's equations leads to a type of gauge invariance in perturbation theory. As with any gauge invariant theory, results are more clear when…
Construction of the gauge-invariant variables for the linear metric perturbation, which was proposed in the paper [K. Nakamura, arXiv:1101.1147], is discussed through an alternative approach. Our starting point of the construction of the…
It is shown that a first-order cosmological perturbation theory for the open, flat and closed Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker universes admits one, and only one, gauge-invariant variable which describes the perturbation to the energy…
The concept of perturbative gauge invariance formulated exclusively by means of asymptotic fields is used to construct massive gauge theories. We consider the interactions of $r$ massive and $s$ massless gauge fields together with $(r+s)$…
In this paper we put forward a systematic and unifying approach to construct gauge invariant composite fields out of connections. It relies on the existence in the theory of a group valued field with a prescribed gauge transformation. As an…
We review our perturbative techniques for improved heavy quark actions. A new procedure for computing improvement coefficients is suggested, where the continuum limit of a lattice-regularized theory provides the matching conditions.We also…
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
As in the case of the other gauge field theories, there is so called ``gauge'' also in general relativity. This ``gauge'' is unphysical degree of freedom. There are two kinds of ``gauges'' in general relativity. These are called the first-…
We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…
Gauge invariance requires physical states to be composite, even in the weak sector of the Standard Model (SM). The Fr\"ohlich-Morchio-Strocchi (FMS) mechanism resolves this subtlety and predicts additional Higgs contributions in SM…
There is considered an extension of gauge theories according to the assumption of a generalized uncertainty principle which implies a minimal length scale. A modification of the usual uncertainty principle implies an extended shape of…
Currently, there are intense experimental efforts to realize lattice gauge theories in quantum simulators. Except for specific models, however, practical quantum simulators can never be fine-tuned to perfect local gauge invariance. There is…
In this paper we will discuss the effect of a having a boundary on the supersymmetric invariance and gauge invariance of the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson (BLG) Theory. We will show that even though the supersymmetry and gauge invariance of the…
Gauge invariance was discovered in the development of classical electromagnetism and was required when the latter was formulated in terms of the scalar and vector potentials. It is now considered to be a fundamental principle of nature,…