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The need for increasingly powerful computing hardware has spawned many ideas stipulating, primarily, the replacement of traditional transistors with alternate "switches" that dissipate miniscule amounts of energy when they switch and…

We have fabricated nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with an additional fixed magnetic layer added above the magnetic free layer of a standard MTJ structure. This acts as a second source of spin-polarized electrons that, depending…

Stochastic computing, a form of computation with probabilities, presents an alternative to conventional arithmetic units. Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs), which exhibit probabilistic switching, have been explored as Stochastic Number…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Ankit Mondal , Ankur Srivastava

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the key building blocks of high-performance spintronic devices. While conventional MTJs rely on ferromagnetic (FM) materials, employing antiferromagnetic (AFM) compounds can significantly increase…

All-oxide magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) incorporating functional materials as insulating barriers have the potential of becoming the founding technology for novel multi-functional devices. We investigate, by first-principles density…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-20 Nuala M. Caffrey , Thomas Archer , Ivan Rungger , Stefano Sanvito

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are key components of spintronic devices, such as magnetic random-access memories. Normally, MTJs consist of two ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes separated by an insulating barrier layer. Their key functional…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-06 Kartik Samanta , Yuan-Yuan Jiang , Tula R. Paudel , Ding-Fu Shao , Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Domain-wall memory (DWM) has SRAM class access performance, low energy, high endurance, high density, and CMOS compatibility. Recently, shift reliability and processing-using-memory (PuM) proposals developed a need to count the number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Prayash Dutta , Albert Lee , Kang L. Wang , Alex K. Jones , Sanjukta Bhanja

We review two magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) approaches for compact, low-power, CMOS-integrated true random number generation (TRNG). The first employs passive-read, easy-plane superparamagnetic MTJs (sMTJs) that generate…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Jonathan Z. Sun , Christopher Safranski , Siyuranga Koswata , Pouya Hashemi , Andrew D. Kent

Control of magnetism without using magnetic fields enables large-scale integration of spintronic devices for memory, computation and communication in the beyond-CMOS era. Mechanisms including spin torque transfer, spin Hall effect, and…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-03-08 Jun-Yang Chen , Li He , Jian-Ping Wang , Mo Li

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are key elements in practical spintronics, enabling not only conventional tasks such as data storage, transmission, and processing but also the implementation of compute-in-memory processing elements,…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-09 Maksim Stebliy , Alex Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Ricardo Ferreira

This paper investigates the impact of thermal stability relaxation in double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (DMTJs) for energy-efficient spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memories (STT-MRAMs) operating at the liquid nitrogen…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Esteban Garzón , Raffaele De Rose , Felice Crupi , Lionel Trojman , Adam Teman , Marco Lanuzza

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (s-MTJs) are core components for spintronics-based probabilistic computing (p-computing), a promising candidate for energy-efficient unconventional computing. To achieve reliable performance under…

Altermagnets with nonrelativistic momentum-dependent spin splitting and compensated net magnetic moments have recently garnered significant interest in spintronics, particularly as pinning layers in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs).…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-10 Long Zhang , Guangxin Ni , Junjie He , Guoying Gao

One of the biggest challenges the current STT-RAM industry faces is maintaining a high thermal stability while trying to switch within a given voltage pulse and energy cost. In this paper, we present a physics based analytical model that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Kamaram Munira , William H. Butler , Avik W. Ghosh

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are elementary units of magnetic memory devices. For high-speed and low-power data storage and processing applications, fast reversal by an ultrashort laser pulse is extremely important. We demonstrate…

Power consumption is the main limitation in the development of new high performance random access memory for portable electronic devices. Magnetic RAM (MRAM) with CoFeB/MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a promising candidate for…

Superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJs) have emerged as a competitive, realistic nanotechnology to support novel forms of stochastic computation in CMOS-compatible platforms. One of their applications is to generate random bitstreams…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Matthew W. Daniels , Advait Madhavan , Philippe Talatchian , Alice Mizrahi , Mark D. Stiles

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is the key component to enable information access and increasing number of MTJs is integrated to develop high-density spintronic devices. However, continuous miniaturization of the conventional MTJs is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Yue Zhao , Bin Xiao , Jiawei Liu , Hui Zeng , Jun Zhao

Physical devices exhibiting stochastic functions with low energy consumption and high device density have the potential to enable complex probability-based computing algorithms, accelerate machine learning tasks, and enhance hardware…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-17 Dooyong Koh , Qiuyuan Wang , Brooke C. McGoldrick , Chung-Tao Chou , Luqiao Liu , Marc A. Baldo

Future applications of spin-orbit torque will require new mechanisms to improve the efficiency for switching nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), while also controlling the magnetic dynamics to achieve fast, nanosecond scale…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Shengjie Shi , Yongxi Ou , S. V. Aradhya , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman