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We consider the problem of learning general-purpose, paraphrastic sentence embeddings, revisiting the setting of Wieting et al. (2016b). While they found LSTM recurrent networks to underperform word averaging, we present several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 John Wieting , Kevin Gimpel

An exhaustive study on neural network language modeling (NNLM) is performed in this paper. Different architectures of basic neural network language models are described and examined. A number of different improvements over basic neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Dengliang Shi

In this work, we first analyze the memory behavior in three recurrent neural networks (RNN) cells; namely, the simple RNN (SRN), the long short-term memory (LSTM) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), where the memory is defined as a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Yuanhang Su , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton , Mihaela van der Schaar

Although masked language models are highly performant and widely adopted by NLP practitioners, they can not be easily used for autoregressive language modelling (next word prediction and sequence probability estimation). We present an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Vilém Zouhar , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have achieved great success in language modeling. However, since the RNNs have fixed size of memory, their memory cannot store all the information about the words it have seen before in the sentence, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Da-Rong Liu , Shun-Po Chuang , Hung-yi Lee

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural networks (RNNs) rely on gating signals, each driven by a function of a weighted sum of at least 3 components: (i) one of an adaptive weight matrix multiplied by the incoming external input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Fathi M. Salem

Speaker intent detection and semantic slot filling are two critical tasks in spoken language understanding (SLU) for dialogue systems. In this paper, we describe a recurrent neural network (RNN) model that jointly performs intent detection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Bing Liu , Ian Lane

This paper explores the potential of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and other subquadratic architectures as competitive alternatives to transformer-based models in low-resource language modeling scenarios. We utilize HGRN2 (Qin et al.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Patrick Haller , Jonas Golde , Alan Akbik

We present novel methods for analyzing the activation patterns of RNNs from a linguistic point of view and explore the types of linguistic structure they learn. As a case study, we use a multi-task gated recurrent network architecture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Ákos Kádár , Grzegorz Chrupała , Afra Alishahi

Machine comprehension(MC) style question answering is a representative problem in natural language processing. Previous methods rarely spend time on the improvement of encoding layer, especially the embedding of syntactic information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Boyuan Pan , Hao Li , Zhou Zhao , Bin Cao , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

We introduce a training method for both better word representation and performance, which we call GROVER (Gradual Rumination On the Vector with maskERs). The method is to gradually and iteratively add random noises to word embeddings while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Hwiyeol Jo , Byoung-Tak Zhang

In this paper, we explore the usage of Word Embedding semantic resources for Information Retrieval (IR) task. This embedding, produced by a shallow neural network, have been shown to catch semantic similarities between words (Mikolov et…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-01-12 Jibril Frej , Jean-Pierre Chevallet , Didier Schwab

Many multi-source localization and tracking models based on neural networks use one or several recurrent layers at their final stages to track the movement of the sources. Conventional recurrent neural networks (RNNs), such as the long…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-29 David Diaz-Guerra , Archontis Politis , Antonio Miguel , Jose R. Beltran , Tuomas Virtanen

Recent work by Hewitt et al. (2020) provides an interpretation of the empirical success of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as language models (LMs). It shows that RNNs can efficiently represent bounded hierarchical structures that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Anej Svete , Robin Shing Moon Chan , Ryan Cotterell

Language models (LMs) are a central component of modern AI systems, and diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a competitive alternative. Both paradigms rely on word embeddings not only to represent the input sentence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 DongNyeong Heo , Taehwan Kim , Heeyoul Choi

Many natural language processing applications use language models to generate text. These models are typically trained to predict the next word in a sequence, given the previous words and some context such as an image. However, at test time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Sumit Chopra , Michael Auli , Wojciech Zaremba

We propose a novel generative model to explore both local and global context for joint learning topics and topic-specific word embeddings. In particular, we assume that global latent topics are shared across documents, a word is generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lixing Zhu , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) were designed for dealing with time-series data and have recently been used for creating predictive models from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, gathering large fMRI datasets for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-16 Nicha C. Dvornek , Xiaoxiao Li , Juntang Zhuang , James S. Duncan

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been applied to a broad range of applications, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and video recognition. Their vulnerability to input perturbation is also known. Aligning with a view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Wei Huang , Youcheng Sun , Xingyu Zhao , James Sharp , Wenjie Ruan , Jie Meng , Xiaowei Huang