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We present the design and implementation of a scanning probe microscope, which combines electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and (photo-)conductive atomic force microscopy ((p)cAFM). The integration of a 3-loop 2-gap X-band…

We demonstrate the application of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based optical force microscopy to map the optical near-fields with nanometer resolution, limited only by the AFM probe geometry. We map the electric field distributions of…

An ongoing challenge in atomic force microscope (AFM) experiments is the quantitative measurement of cantilever motion. The vast majority of AFMs use the optical beam deflection (OBD) method to infer the deflection of the cantilever. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-22 Aleks Labuda , Roger Proksch

We demonstrate the measurement of laterally induced optical forces using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The lateral electric field distribution between a gold coated AFM probe and a nano-aperture in a gold film is mapped by measuring the…

Quantifying the tip-sample interaction at the nanoscale in Amplitude Modulation mode AFM is challenging, especially when measuring in liquids. Here, we derive formulas for the tip-sample conservative and dissipative interactions and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-24 Luca Costa , Mario S Rodrigues

Various methods of force measurement with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are compared for their ability to accurately determine the tip-surface force from analysis of the nonlinear cantilever motion. It is explained how intermodulation,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Daniel Platz , Daniel Forchheimer , Erik A. Tholén , David B. Haviland

While offering unprecedented resolution of atomic and electronic structure, Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques have found greater challenges in providing reliable electrostatic characterization at the same scale. In this work, we…

A common use for atomic force microscopy is to quantify local forces through tip-sample interactions between the probe tip and a sample surface. The accuracy of these measurements depends on the accuracy to which the cantilever spring…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Aaron Mascaro , Yoichi Miyahara , Omur E. Dagdeviren , Peter Grutter

Atomically-resolved imaging and force measurements using the atomic force microscope (AFM) are performed most commonly in a frequency-modulation (FM) mode. This has led to spectacular results, including direct observation of the atomic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 John E. Sader , Barry D. Hughes , Ferdinand Huber , Franz J. Giessibl

Piezoresponse Force Microscopy is a powerful but delicate nanoscale technique that measures the mechanical response resulting from the application of a highly localized electric field. Though mechanical response is normally due to…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-10-07 Andres Gomez , Mariona Coll , Teresa Puig , Xavier Obradors

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a versatile, high-resolution tool used to characterize the topography and material properties of a large variety of specimens at nano-scale. The interaction of the micro-cantilever tip with the specimen…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-09-05 David Busch , Qingze Zou , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian

Atomic Force Microscopy with SideWall (AFM SW) is widely used for nano-scale surface measurements at side surfaces. In the current study, by taking into consideration the effects of sidewall beam and its probe, an analytical method is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-09-15 Sina Eftekhar , Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Janbeh Sarayi

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) allows to reconstruct the topography of surface with a resolution in the nanometer range. The exceptional resolution attainable with the AFM makes this instrument a key tool in nanoscience and technology. The…

Atomic force spectroscopy and microscopy (AFM) are invaluable tools to characterize nanostructures and biological systems. Most experiments, including state-of-the-art images of molecular bonds, are achieved by driving probes at their…

The torsional vibration of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers is critical for high-sensitivity measurements, yet existing models for width-varying cantilevers often rely on approximations that lead to significant discrepancies with…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Le Tri Dat , Nguyen Duy Vy

The interaction between a rapidly oscillating atomic force microscope tip and a soft material surface is described using both elastic and viscous forces with a moving surface model. We derive the simplest form of this model, motivating it…

Charge carrier transport through the probe-sample junction can have substantial consequences for outcomes of electrical and electromechanical atomic-force-microscopy (AFM) measurements. For understanding physical processes under the probe,…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-05-05 K. N. Romanuk , D. O. Alikin , B. N. Slautin , A. Tselev , V. Ya. Shur , A. L. Kholkin

Atomic force microscopy is based on tip sample interaction, which is determined by the properties of tip and sample. Unfortunately, in particular in ambient conditions the tip as well as the sample are contaminated, and it is not clear how…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-19 J. Sánchez , L. Almonte , J. Colchero

We report a systematic study to determine local elastic properties of surfaces combining atomic force microscope (AFM) with acoustic waves which is known as atomic force acoustic microscopy - AFAM. We describe the methodology of AFAM in…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Banerjee , N. Gayathri , S. R. Shannigrahi , S. Dash , A. K. Tyagi , B. Raj

Intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) is a mode of dynamic atomic force microscopy that probes the nonlinear tip-surface force by measurement of the mixing of multiple tones in a frequency comb. A high $Q$ cantilever resonance and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-02-06 Daniel Platz , Daniel Forchheimer , Erik A. Tholén , David B. Haviland