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Since Edward Moore, finite automata theory has been inspired by physics, in particular by quantum complementarity. We review automaton complementarity, reversible automata and the connections to generalized urn models. Recent developments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl Svozil

We give optimal solutions to all versions of the popular counterfeit coin problem obtained by varying whether (i) we know if the counterfeit coin is heavier or lighter than the genuine ones, (ii) we know if the counterfeit coin exists,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-02-23 C. Thach Nguyen

The query model offers a concrete setting where quantum algorithms are provably superior to randomized algorithms. Beautiful results by Bernstein-Vazirani, Simon, Aaronson, and others presented partial Boolean functions that can be computed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Avishay Tal

Given a coin with unknown bias $p\in [0,1]$, can we exactly simulate another coin with bias $f(p)$? The exact set of simulable functions has been well characterized 20 years ago. In this paper, we ask the quantum counterpart of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-13 Jiaqing Jiang , Jialin Zhang , Xiaoming Sun

We introduce quantum finite state transducers (qfst), and study the class of relations which they compute. It turns out that they share many features with probabilistic finite state transducers, especially regarding undecidability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Freivalds , A. Winter

As quantum machine learning (QML) emerges as a promising field at the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence, it becomes crucial to address the biases and challenges that arise from the unique nature of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Nandhini Swaminathan , David Danks

Alternating timed automata on infinite words are considered. The main result is a characterization of acceptance conditions for which the emptiness problem for these automata is decidable. This result implies new decidability results for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Pawel Parys , Igor Walukiewicz

Quantitative languages are an extension of boolean languages that assign to each word a real number. Mean-payoff automata are finite automata with numerical weights on transitions that assign to each infinite path the long-run average of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen , Herbert Edelsbrunner , Thomas A. Henzinger , Philippe Rannou

We present a language $L_n$ which is recognizable by a probabilistic finite automaton (PFA) with probability $1 - \epsilon$ for all $\epsilon > 0$ with $O(log^2n)$ states, with a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) with O(n) states, but a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gatis Midrijanis

Probabilistic automata are an extension of nondeterministic finite automata in which transitions are annotated with probabilities. Despite its simplicity, this model is very expressive and many of the associated algorithmic questions are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Cristian Riveros , James Worrell

There had been well known claims of unconditionally secure quantum protocols for bit commitment. However, we, and independently Mayers, showed that all proposed quantum bit commitment schemes are, in principle, insecure because the sender,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 H. -K. Lo , H. F. Chau

Suppose that we are given a function f : (0,1) -> (0,1) and, for some unknown p in (0,1), a sequence of independent tosses of a p-coin (i.e., a coin with probability p of ``heads''). For which functions f is it possible to simulate an…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel , Yuval Peres

We explore bounds of {\em time-space tradeoffs} in language recognition on {\em two-way finite automata} for some special languages. We prove: (1) a time-space tradeoff upper bound for recognition of the languages $L_{EQ}(n)$ on {\em…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Shenggen Zheng , Daowen Qiu , Jozef Gruska

In this paper, we present a loss-tolerant quantum strong coin flipping protocol with bias 0.359. This is an improvement over Berlin etal's protocol [BBBG08] which achieves a bias of 0.4. To achieve this, we extend Berlin et al.'s protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 André Chailloux

This paper identifies exact probabilistic simulation cost as the natural quantitative measure of quantum advantage for finite automata under strict cutpoints. It gives sharp simulation laws for two representative models. A one-way finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Zeyu Chen , Junde Wu

We present a quantum protocol for the task of weak coin flipping. We find that, for one choice of parameters in the protocol, the maximum probability of a dishonest party winning the coin flip if the other party is honest is 1/sqrt(2). We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. W. Spekkens , Terry Rudolph

A new model of a Quantum Automaton (QA), working with qubits is proposed. The quantum states of the automaton can be pure or mixed and are represented by density operators. This is the appropriated approach to deal with measurements and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-25 A. M. Martins

A stochastic timed automaton is a purely stochastic process defined on a timed automaton, in which both delays and discrete choices are made randomly. We study the almost-sure model-checking problem for this model, that is, given a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Nathalie Bertrand , Patricia Bouyer , Thomas Brihaye , Quentin Menet , Christel Baier , Marcus Groesser , Marcin Jurdzinski

Quantum marking and quantum erasure are discussed for the neutral kaon system. Contrary to other two-level systems, strangeness and lifetime of a neutral kaon state can be alternatively measured via an "active" or a "passive" procedure.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Bramon , G. Garbarino , B. C. Hiesmayr

Pushdown automata may contain transitions that are never used in any accepting run of the automaton. We present an algorithm for detecting such useless transitions. A finite automaton that captures the possible stack content during runs of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-11 Wan Fokkink , Dick Grune , Brinio Hond , Peter Rutgers