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Parameter estimation is a critical step in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), especially in the finite-size regime where worst-case confidence intervals can significantly reduce the achievable secret-key rate. We provide…

The focus of this work is on the design of Raptor codes for continuous variable Quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems. We design a highly efficient Raptor code for very low signal to noise ratios (SNRs), which enables CV-QKD systems to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam , Sarah J. Johnson , Andrew M. Lance

We propose and demonstrate a fully passive discrete-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), which can eliminate all modulator side channels on the source side, using a local local oscillator (LLO). The CV-QKD system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yu Zhang , Xuyang Wang , Chenyang Li , Jie Yun , Qiang Zeng , Zhiliang Yuan , Zhenguo Lu , Yongmin Li

Numerical methods are widely used to calculate the secure key rate of many quantum key distribution protocols in practice, but they consume many computing resources and are too time-consuming. In this work, we take the homodyne detection…

Continuous-variable (CV) codes and their application in quantum communication have attracted increasing attention. In particular, one typical CV codes, cat-codes, has already been experimentally created using trapped atoms in cavities with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Pei-Zhe Li , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto , Nicoló Lo Piparo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution holds the potential to generate high secret key rates, making it a prime candidate for high-rate metropolitan quantum network applications. However, despite these promising opportunities, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Mingze Wu , Yan Pan , Junhui Li , Heng Wang , Lu Fan , Yun Shao , Yang Li , Wei Huang , Song Yu , Bingjie Xu , Yichen Zhang

We propose a long-distance continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) protocol with discrete modulation. This kind of discrete-modulated schemes have good compatibility with efficient error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-22 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Dong-Yun Bai , Tao Wang , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key generation between legitimate parties. To further enhance system performance, an improved two-way CV-QKD protocol has been proposed, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

Quantum transducers are critical for quantum interconnect, enabling coherent signal transfer across disparate frequency domains. Beyond material and device advances, protocol design has become a powerful means to improve transduction. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Pengcheng Liao , Haowei Shi , Quntao Zhuang

Decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) is undoubtedly the most efficient solution to handle multi-photon signals emitted by laser sources, and provides the same secret key rate scaling as ideal single-photon sources. It requires,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Xoel Sixto , Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution which can be implemented using only low-cost and off-the-shelf components reveals great potential in the practical large-scale realization. Access network as a modern network necessity, connects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Xiangyu Wang , Ziyang Chen , Zhenghua Li , Dengke Qi , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Passive quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proposed for discrete variable protocols to eliminate side channels in the source. Unfortunately, the key rate of passive DV-QKD protocols suffers from sifting loss and additional quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Chenyang Li , Chengqiu Hu , Wenyuan Wang , Rong Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

The maximum operational range of continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols has shown to be improved by employing high-efficiency forward error correction codes. Typically, the secret key rate model for such protocols is…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to grow a shared key which they can use for unconditionally secure communication [1]. The applicable distance of a QKD protocol depends on the loss and the excess noise of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-08 Lars S. Madsen , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Mikael Lassen , Radim Filip , Ulrik L. Andersen

In this paper, we consider continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a discrete modulation, either binary or quaternary. We establish the security of these protocols against the class of collective attacks that induce a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

We expand the recently discussed continuous-variable quantum key distribution scheme of Heid and Luetkenhaus (2006) to qudits with a lossy but noiseless quantum channel. Postselection methods are used. Secret key rates are calculated in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-12 Ulrich Seyfarth

Building scalable and secure quantum networks requires advanced quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that support multi-user connectivity. Continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD, which eliminates all detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Adnan A. E. Hajomer , Ulrik L Andersen , Tobias Gehring

A secret key shared through quantum key distribution between two cooperative players is secure against any eavesdropping attack allowed by the laws of physics. Yet, such a key can be established only when the quantum channel error rate due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. F. Chau

Quantum continuous variables are being explored as an alternative means to implement quantum key distribution, which is usually based on single photon counting. The former approach is potentially advantageous because it should enable higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Grosshans , G. Van Assche , J. Wenger , R. Brouri , N. J. Cerf , Ph. Grangier

Serving transformer language models with high throughput requires caching Key-Values (KVs) to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive generation. The memory footprint of KV caching is significant and heavily impacts serving costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anastasiia Filippova , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , João Monteiro
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