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Giant radio galaxies (GRGs) are one of the largest astrophysical sources in the Universe with an overall projected linear size of ~0.7 Mpc or more. Last six decades of radio astronomy research has led to the detection of thousands of radio…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-16 Pratik Dabhade , Madhuri Gaikwad , Joydeep Bagchi , M. Pandey-Pommier , Shishir Sankhyayan , Somak Raychaudhury

Giant radio sources, including galaxies and quasars (hereafter GRGs), are active galactic nuclei (AGN) hosting relativistic jets with source sizes exceeding the projected length of 0.7 Mpc. They are crucial to understanding the evolution of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-08 Vaidehi S. Paliya , D. J. Saikia , Gabriele Bruni , Alberto Dominguez , C. S. Stalin

Giant radio galaxies (GRGs), with linear sizes larger than 1 Mpc (H0=50 km/s/Mpc), represent the biggest single objects in the Universe. GRGs are rare among the entire population of radio galaxies (RGs) and their physical evolution is not…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 M. Jamrozy , U. Klein , J. Machalski , K. -H. Mack

Giant radio galaxies (GRGs) are a subclass of radio galaxies which have grown to megaparsec scales. GRGs are much rarer than normal sized radio galaxies (< 0.7 Mpc) and the reason for their gigantic sizes is still debated. Here, we report…

We test the hypothesis that environments play a key role in enabling the growth of enormous radio structures spanning more than 700 kpc, an extreme population of radio galaxies called giant radio galaxies (GRGs). To achieve this, we explore…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-02-17 Ting-Wen Lan , J. Xavier Prochaska

Giant radio sources (GRSs) are the single largest astrophysical objects known in the universe that have grown to megaparsec scales ($\ge$ 0.7 Mpc). GRSs are much rarer compared with normal-sized radio galaxies. Still, the reason for the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-31 Netai Bhukta , Souvik Manik , Sabyasachi Pal , Sushanta K. Mondal

The origins of radio astronomy and the discovery of the first radio galaxies are described which showed that the radio emission of active galaxies is very diverse in shape and can reach a size of many times their optical extent. In 1974 the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-09 Heinz Andernach

Giant radio galaxies (GRG) are radio galaxies with physical sizes of their radio emission larger than 0.7 Mpc. Recently, the sample of GRGs has become large enough to study the extreme end of the GRG size distribution. We examine the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-15 H. Andernach , M. Brüggen

Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with radio emission that extends over projected sizes $>0.7\,$Mpc. The large angular sizes associated with GRGs complicate their identification in radio survey images using…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-16 Soren Ramdhanie , Yjan A. Gordon , Heinz Andernach , Eric J. Hooper , Brianna Sampson

Using the recent INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT surveys we have extracted a sample of 64 confirmed plus 3 candidate radio galaxies selected in the soft gamma-ray band. The sample covers all optical classes and is dominated by objects showing a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-27 L. Bassani , T. Venturi , M. Molina , A. Malizia , D. Dallacasa , F. Panessa , A. Bazzano , P. Ubertini

Giant Radio Galaxies (GRG) are those whose linear size projected on the sky exceeds one Megaparsec (1 Mpc = 3.09e22 m = 3.3 million light years). Since only about 300 of these have been reported in literature, we used two recent deep radio…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-01 Brissa Gómez Miller , Heinz Andernach

Based on the miscellaneous published radio and optical data, SDSS and APM catalogue we consider the various properties of the giant radio sources (gRS) with the aim of refining the conditions leading to the formation of these objects. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 B. V. Komberg , I. N. Pashchenko

We present a catalogue of 349 giant radio sources (GRSs including both galaxies and quasars). The database contains all giants known to date from the literature. These GRSs cover the redshift range of 0.016$<$z$<$3.22 and include radio…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-10-10 A. Kuźmicz , M. Jamrozy , K. Bronarska , K. Janda-Boczar , D. J. Saikia

Giant Radio Galaxies (GRG) are the largest single entities in the Universe, having a projected linear size exceeding 0.7 Mpc, which implies that they are also quite old objects. They are not common, representing a fraction of only about 6%…

Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) are the largest single structures in the Universe. Exhibiting extended radio morphology, their projected sizes range from 0.7 Mpc up to 4.9 Mpc. LOFAR has opened a new window on the discovery and investigation of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-10 Alberto Masini , Annalisa Celotti , Paola Grandi , Emily Moravec , Wendy L. Williams

With their sizes larger than 0.7 Mpc, Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) are the largest individual objects in the Universe. To date, the reason why they reach such enormous extensions is still unclear. One of the proposed scenarios suggests that…

About 6% of Radio Galaxies (RG) can reach linear sizes larger than 0.7 Mpc, and are then classified as Giant Radio Galaxies (GRG). The conditions that make possible the formation of such big structures is still not clear - either core…

In order to find clues to the origin of the "winged" or "X-shaped" radio galaxies (XRGs) we investigate here the parent galaxies of a large sample of 106 XRGs for optical-radio axes alignment, interstellar medium, black hole mass, and…

Extragalactic radio sources with projected linear size larger than one Megaparsec 1 Mpc = 3.09e22 m = 3.3e6 light years) are called Giant Radio Galaxies (GRGs) or quasars (GRQs). Over the past few years our search for such objects by visual…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-15 Jonatan Rentería Macario , Heinz Andernach

We present results of a search for giant radio galaxies (GRGs) with a projected largest linear size in excess of 1 Mpc. We designed a computational algorithm to identify contiguous emission regions, large and elongated enough to serve as…

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