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We report on a novel method for optical microwave generation using a frequency comb based on difference-frequency generation, which passively eliminates the carrier-envelope offset frequency ($f_{\mathrm{ceo}}$), with the repetition rate…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-28 S. Mueller , T. Puppe

The synthesis of ultralow-noise microwaves is of both scientific and technological relevance for timing, metrology, communications and radio-astronomy. Today, the lowest reported phase noise signals are obtained via optical…

Numerous modern technologies are reliant on the low-phase noise and exquisite timing stability of microwave signals. Substantial progress has been made in the field of microwave photonics, whereby low noise microwave signals are generated…

The most frequency-stable sources of electromagnetic radiation are produced optically, and optical frequency combs provide the means for high fidelity frequency transfer across hundreds of terahertz and into the microwave domain. A critical…

Optical frequency division relies on optical frequency combs to coherently translate ultra-stable optical frequency references to the microwave domain. This technology has enabled microwave synthesis with ultralow timing noise, but the…

Coherent frequency division of high-stability optical sources permits the extraction of microwave signals with ultra-low phase noise, enabling their application to systems with stringent timing precision. To date, the highest performance…

There has been increased interest in the use and manipulation of optical fields to address challenging problems that have traditionally been approached with microwave electronics. Some examples that benefit from the low transmission loss,…

We report what we believe to be the lowest phase noise optical-to-microwave frequency division using fiber-based femtosecond optical frequency combs: a residual phase noise of -120dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 11.55GHz carrier frequency. We…

Optics · Physics 2012-05-22 W. Zhang , Z. Xu , M. Lours , R. Boudot , Y. Kersale , A. N. Luiten , Y. Le Coq , G. Santarelli

The generation of ultra-low noise microwave and mmWave in miniaturized, chip-based platforms can transform communication, radar, and sensing systems. Optical frequency division that leverages optical references and optical frequency combs…

Integrated-photonics microchips now enable a range of advanced functionalities for high-coherence applications such as data transmission, highly optimized physical sensors, and harnessing quantum states, but with cost, efficiency, and…

In this letter, we report on all-optical fiber approach to the generation of ultra-low noise microwave signals. We make use of two erbium fiber mode-locked lasers phase locked to a common ultra-stable laser source to generate an 11.55 GHz…

Optically generated microwave signals exhibit some of the lowest phase noise and timing jitter of any microwave-generating technology to date. The success of octave-spanning optical frequency combs in down-converting ultrastable optical…

Modern communication, navigation, and radar systems rely on low noise and frequency-agile microwave sources. In this application space, photonic systems provide an attractive alternative to conventional microwave synthesis by leveraging…

Ultra-stable lasers and optical frequency combs have been the enabling technologies for the tremendous progress of precise optical spectroscopy in the last ten years. To improve laser frequency stabilization beyond the thermal-noise…

Electrical signals derived from optical sources have achieved record-low levels of phase noise, and have demonstrated the highest frequency stability yet achieved in the microwave domain. Attaining such ultrastable phase and frequency…

Optics · Physics 2023-03-01 Franklyn Quinlan

Next-generation communications, radar and navigation systems will extend and exploit the higher bandwidth of the millimeter-wave domain for increased communication data rates as well as radar with higher sensitivity and increased spatial…

Optical frequency division of an ultrastable laser to the microwave frequency range by an optical frequency comb has allowed the generation of microwave signals with unprecedently high spectral purity and stability. However, the generated…

We report ultra-low phase-noise microwave generation at a 9.6 GHz carrier frequency from optical frequency combs based on diode-pumped solid-state lasers emitting at telecom wavelength and referenced to a common cavity-stabilized…

We report the synthesis and measurement of an ultra-precise and extremely stable optical frequency in the telecommunications window around 1543 nm. Using a fibre-based femtosecond frequency comb we have phase-stabilised a fibre laser at 194…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 Gesine Grosche , Burghard Lipphardt , Harald Schnatz

Robust and portable optical clocks promise to bring sub-picosecond timing instability to smaller form factors, offering possible performance improvements and new scenarios for positioning and navigation, radar technologies, and experiments…

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