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Thermal equilibrium states of local quantum many-body systems are notorious for their spatially decaying correlations, which place severe restrictions on the types of many-body entanglement structures that may be observed at finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Shachar Fraenkel , Moshe Goldstein

We study a distribution of thermal states given by random Hamiltonians with a local structure. We show that the ensemble of thermal states monotonically approaches the unitarily invariant ensemble with decreasing temperature if all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Yoshifumi Nakata , Tobias J. Osborne

We study the speed of fluctuation of a quantum system around its thermodynamic equilibrium state, and show that the speed will be extremely small for almost all times in typical thermodynamic cases. The setting considered here is that of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-01 Noah Linden , Sandu Popescu , Anthony J Short , Andreas Winter

Proving thermalization from the unitary evolution of a closed quantum system is one of the oldest questions that is still nowadays only partially resolved. Several efforts have led to various formulations of what is called the eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Christian Bertoni , Clara Wassner , Giacomo Guarnieri , Jens Eisert

We consider a quantum quench in a finite system of length $L$ described by a 1+1-dimensional CFT, of central charge $c$, from a state with finite energy density corresponding to an inverse temperature $\beta\ll L$. For times $t$ such that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-06-11 John Cardy

Chaos and ergodicity are the cornerstones of statistical physics and thermodynamics. While classically even small systems like a particle in a two-dimensional cavity, can exhibit chaotic behavior and thereby relax to a microcanonical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2017-07-19 Anatoli Polkovnikov , Dries Sels

We prove that quantum many-body systems on a one-dimensional lattice locally relax to Gaussian states under non-equilibrium dynamics generated by a bosonic quadratic Hamiltonian. This is true for a large class of initial states - pure or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 M. Cramer , J. Eisert

We establish a setting - atoms in optical superlattices with period 2 - in which one can experimentally probe signatures of the process of local relaxation and apparent thermalization in non-equilibrium dynamics without the need of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Cramer , A. Flesch , I. P. McCulloch , U. Schollwoeck , J. Eisert

When studying thermalization of quantum systems, it is typical to ask whether a system interacting with an environment will evolve towards a local thermal state. Here, we show that a more general and relevant question is "when does a system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-10 Lidia del Rio , Adrian Hutter , Renato Renner , Stephanie Wehner

Simulations are performed of a small quantum system interacting with a quantum environment. The system consists of various initial states of two harmonic oscillators coupled to give normal modes. The environment is "designed" by its level…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 George L. Barnes , Michael E. Kellman

We consider the concept of temperature in a setting beyond the standard thermodynamics prescriptions. Namely, rather than restricting to standard coarse-grained measurements, we consider observers able to master any possible quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-19 Alessandro Ferraro , Artur Garcia-Saez , Antonio Acin

Concepts like `typicality' and the `eigenstate thermalization hypothesis' aim at explaining the apparent equilibration of quantum systems, possibly after a very long time. However, these concepts are not concerned with the specific way in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Lars Knipschild , Jochen Gemmer

We introduce a finite-time protocol that thermalizes a quantum harmonic oscillator, initially in its ground state, without requiring a macroscopic bath. The method uses a second oscillator as an effective environment and implements sudden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 M. Harinarayanan , Karthik Rajeev

By solving the exact master equation of open quantum systems, we formulate the quantum thermodynamics from weak to strong couplings. The open quantum systems exchange matters, energies and information with their reservoirs through quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Wei-Ming Huang , Wei-Min Zhang

Typicality arguments replace the postulated mixed state ensembles of statistical mechanics with pure states sampled uniformly at random, explaining why most microstates of large systems exhibit thermal behavior. This paradigm has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Pedro S. Correia , Gabriel Dias Carvalho , Thiago R. de Oliveira

We study the problem of the approach to equilibrium in a macroscopic quantum system in an abstract setting. We prove that, for a typical choice of "nonequilibrium subspace", any initial state (from the energy shell) thermalizes, and in fact…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-05-19 Sheldon Goldstein , Takashi Hara , Hal Tasaki

We discuss how the thermalization of an elementary quantum system is modified when the system is placed in an environment out of thermal equilibrium. To this aim we provide a detailed investigation of the dynamics of an atomic system placed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 Bruno Bellomo , Riccardo Messina , Didier Felbacq , Mauro Antezza

We establish a connection between ground states of local quantum Hamiltonians and thermal states of classical spin systems. For any discrete classical statistical mechanical model in any spatial dimension, we find an associated quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-05 W. Dür , M. Van den Nest

Isolated quantum systems typically approach thermal equilibrium as described by the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). Going beyond this involves either higher order correlators (full thermalization) or the formation of state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Tabea Herrmann , Felix Fritzsch , Arnd Bäcker

Nonclassicality conditions for an oscillator-like system interacting with a hot thermal bath are considered. Nonclassical properties of quantum states can be conserved up to a certain temperature threshold only. In this case, affection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. A. Semenov , D. Yu. Vasylyev , B. I. Lev