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Fast $\gamma$-ray variability in blazars remains a central puzzle in high-energy astrophysics, challenging standard shock acceleration models. Blazars, a subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with jets pointed close to our line of sight,…
A superintense laser pulse illuminating a thin solid-density foil can, in principle, accelerate the entire foil, therefore yielding dense, collimated, and quasi-monoenergetic ion beams. These unique features render radiation pressure…
Electrons emitting non-thermal photons in blazars are possibly accelerated by turbulences developed in jets. In this paper, we consider the case so-called hard-sphere scattering as an interaction model between turbulences and electrons, in…
We present Space-VLBI RadioAstron observations at 1.6 GHz and 4.8 GHz of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 273, with detections on baselines up to 4.5 and 3.3 Earth Diameters, respectively. Achieving the best angular resolution at 1.6 GHz…
We review selected results from a recent in-depth study of jet shapes and jet cross sections in ultra-relativistic reactions with heavy nuclei at the LHC arXiv:0810.2807 [hep-ph]. We demonstrate that at the highest collider energies these…
The dynamics of the acceleration of ultrathin foil targets by the radiation pressure of superintense, circularly polarized laser pulses is investigated by analytical modeling and particle-in-cell simulations. By addressing self-induced…
A time-dependent Synchrotron Self Compton model (SSC) which is able to motivate the used electron spectra of many SSC models as a balance of acceleration and radiative losses is introduced. Using stochastic acceleration as well as Fermi-I…
We study the effect of plasma composition on the dynamics and morphology of the relativistic astrophysical jets. Our work is based on a relativistic total variation diminishing (TVD) simulation code. We use a relativistic equation of state…
We present a theoretical analysis of the coherent acceleration of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. A first scheme relies on the 'conveyor belt' provided by a frequency-chirped optical lattice. For potentials shallow enough that the…
We modify the conventional curvature radiation (inverse Compton scattering) + synchrotron radiation polar cap cascade model by including the inverse Compton scattering of the higher generation pairs. Within the framework of the…
Recent pulsed-power experiments have demonstrated the formation of astrophysically-relevant, differentially rotating plasmas [1]. Key features of the plasma flows are the discovery of a quasi-Keplerian rotation curve, the launching of…
We investigate the behaviour of a relativistic spherically symmetric radiative star with an accelerating, expanding and shearing interior matter distribution in the presence of anisotropic pressures. The junction condition can be written in…
Shear flows are naturally expected to occur in astrophysical environments and potential sites of continuous non-thermal Fermi-type particle acceleration. Here we investigate the efficiency of expanding relativistic outflows to facilitate…
We propose a scheme to overcome the great challenge of polarization loss in spin-polarized ion acceleration. When a petawatt laser pulse penetrates through a compound plasma target consisting of a double layer slab and prepolarized hydrogen…
We investigate the role of radiative driving of shock ejected bipolar outflows from advective accretion discs in a self consistent manner. Radiations from the inner disc affects the subsonic part of the jet while those from the pre-shock…
We perform a local (short-wavelength) linear stability analysis of an axisymmetric column of magnetized plasma with a nearly toroidal magnetic field and a smooth poloidal velocity shear by perturbing the equations of relativistic…
I review recent progress in the theory of relativistic jet production, with special emphasis on unifying black hole sources of stellar and supermassive size. Observations of both classes of objects, as well as theoretical considerations,…
We report on Spitzer and Gemini observations of the jet of Centaurus A in the infrared, which we combine with radio, ultraviolet and X-ray data. Spitzer detects jet emission from about 2 arcmin from the nucleus, becoming particularly bright…
If quasar jets are accelerated by magnetic fields but terminate as matter dominated, where and how does the transition occur between the Poynting-dominated and matter-dominated regimes? To address this question, we study constraints which…
Electromagnetic radiation from blazar jets often displays strong variability, extending from radio to $\gamma$-ray frequencies. In a few cases, this variability has been characterized using Fourier time lags, such as those detected in the…