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In recent years, a large amount of multi-disciplinary research has been conducted on sparse models and their applications. In statistics and machine learning, the sparsity principle is used to perform model selection---that is,…
Human visual recognition system shows astonishing capability of compressing visual information into a set of tokens containing rich representations without label supervision. One critical driving principle behind it is perceptual grouping.…
The state-of-the-art approaches for image classification are based on neural networks. Mathematically, the task of classifying images is equivalent to finding the function that maps an image to the label it is associated with. To rigorously…
By their very nature microscopy images of cells and tissues consist of a limited number of object types or components. In contrast to most natural scenes, the composition is known a priori. Decomposing biological images into semantically…
We propose a novel approach to the important fundamental problem of detecting weak optical fields at the few photon level. The ability to detect with high efficiency (>99%), and to distinguish the number of photons in a given time interval…
Computer vision tasks require processing large amounts of data to perform image classification, segmentation, and feature extraction. Optical preprocessors can potentially reduce the number of floating point operations required by computer…
As conventional frame-based cameras suffer from high energy consumption and latency, several new types of image sensors have been devised, with some of them exploiting the sparsity of natural images in some transform domains. Instead of…
In order to operate autonomously, a robot should explore the environment and build a model of each of the surrounding objects. A common approach is to carefully scan the whole workspace. This is time-consuming. It is also often impossible…
X-ray is a ubiquitous imaging modality in clinical diagnostics and industrial inspections, thanks to its high penetration power. Conventional x-ray imaging system, equipped with energy-integrating detectors, collects approximately 1000 to…
Single photons provide excellent quantum information carriers, but current schemes for preparing, processing and measuring them are inefficient. For example, down-conversion provides heralded, but randomly timed single photons, while…
The extraction of information carried by light plays an increasingly important role in optical communication, imaging, and detection. However, the information can only be successfully extracted when the light pulse is comparably strong,…
Optical imaging through scattering media is a long-standing challenge. Although many approaches have been developed to focus light or image objects through scattering media, they are either invasive, restricted to stationary or…
In contrast to human vision, common recognition algorithms often fail on partially occluded images. We propose characterizing, empirically, the algorithmic limits by finding a minimal recognizable patch (MRP) that is by itself sufficient to…
The SP theory of intelligence aims to simplify and integrate concepts in computing and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. This article discusses how it may be applied to the understanding of natural vision and the…
Muons and other ionizing radiation produced by cosmic rays and radiative decays affect CMOS/CCD sensor. When particles colliding with sensors atoms cause specific kind of noise on images recorded by cameras. We present a concept and…
Photonic chips that integrate guides, switches, gratings and other components, process vast amounts of information rapidly on a single device. A new branch of this technology becomes possible if the light is coupled to cold atoms in a…
Image filters are fast, lightweight and effective, which make these conventional wisdoms preferable as basic tools in vision tasks. In practical scenarios, users have to tweak parameters multiple times to obtain satisfied results. This…
Humans can perceive scenes in 3D from a handful of 2D views. For AI agents, the ability to recognize a scene from any viewpoint given only a few images enables them to efficiently interact with the scene and its objects. In this work, we…
The key requirement for harnessing the quantum properties of light is the capability to detect and count individual photons. Of particular interest are photon-number-resolving detectors, which allow one to determine whether a state of light…
This review presents various image segmentation methods using complex networks. Image segmentation is one of the important steps in image analysis as it helps analyze and understand complex images. At first, it has been tried to classify…