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Transformers are a type of neural network that have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, particularly in natural language processing tasks. Motivated by this success, research on the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Naoki Takeshita , Masaaki Imaizumi

Continuous reducibilities are a proven tool in computable analysis, and have applications in other fields such as constructive mathematics or reverse mathematics. We study the order-theoretic properties of several variants of the two most…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-10-22 Arno Pauly

We introduce a class of $2d$ sigma models which are parameterized by a function of one variable. In addition to the physical field $g$, these models include an auxiliary field $v_\alpha$ which mediates interactions in a prescribed way. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-22 Christian Ferko , Liam Smith

Let $q$ be a power of a prime and $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field with $q$ elements. In this paper, we propose four families of infinite classes of permutation trinomials having the form $cx-x^s + x^{qs}$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Dabin Zheng , Mu Yuan , Long Yu

We consider a stack sorting algorithm where only the appropriate output values are popped from the stack and then any remaining entries in the stack are run through the stack in reverse order. We identify the basis for the $2$-reverse pass…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Toufik Mansour , Howard Skogman , Rebecca Smith

We define two extensions of the typed linear lambda-calculus that yield minimal Turing-complete systems. The extensions are based on unbounded recursion in one case, and bounded recursion with minimisation in the other. We show that both…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Sandra Alves , Maribel Fernández , Mário Florido , Ian Mackie

In this note, we give a shorter proof of the result of Zheng, Yu, and Pei on the explicit formula of inverses of generalized cyclotomic permutation polynomials over finite fields. Moreover, we characterize all these cyclotomic permutation…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-19 Qiang Wang

For a finite field of odd number of elements we construct families of permutation binomials and permutation trinomials with one fixed-point (namely zero) and remaining elements being permuted as disjoint cycles of same length. Binomials and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Anitha G , P Vanchinathan

An infinite permutation is a linear order on the set N. We study the properties of infinite permutations generated by fixed points of some uniform binary morphisms, and find the formula for their complexity.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Alexander Valyuzhenich

By using the piecewise method, Lagrange interpolation formula and Lucas' theorem, we determine explicit expressions of the inverses of a class of reversed Dickson permutation polynomials and some classes of generalized cyclotomic mapping…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Yanbin Zheng , Fu Wang , Libo Wang , Wenhong Wei

In this work we establish some new interleavers based on permutation functions. The inverses of these interleavers are known over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. For the first time M\"{o}bius and R\'edei functions are used to give new…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Amin Sakzad , Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi , Daniel Panario

In this paper, we construct two classes of permutation polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_{q^2}$ with odd characteristic from rational R\'{e}dei functions. A complete characterization of their compositional inverses is also given. These…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Shihui Fu , Xiutao Feng , Dongdai Lin , Qiang Wang

We classify the homogeneous finite-dimensional permutation structures, i.e., homogeneous structures in a language of finitely many linear orders, giving a nearly complete answer to a question of Cameron, and confirming the classification…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Samuel Braunfeld , Pierre Simon

A geometric grid class consists of those permutations that can be drawn on a specified set of line segments of slope \pm1 arranged in a rectangular pattern governed by a matrix. Using a mixture of geometric and language theoretic methods,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-06 Michael H. Albert , M. D. Atkinson , Mathilde Bouvel , Nik Ruškuc , Vincent Vatter

We define the operation of composing two hereditary classes of permutations using the standard composition of permutations as functions and we explore properties and structure of permutation classes considering this operation. We mostly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-13 Mark Karpilovskij

We determine all permutations in two large classes of polynomials over finite fields, where the construction of the polynomials in each class involves the denominators of a class of rational functions generalizing the classical Redei…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Zhiguo Ding , Michael E. Zieve

As transformers have gained prominence in natural language processing, some researchers have investigated theoretically what problems they can and cannot solve, by treating problems as formal languages. Exploring such questions can help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Lena Strobl , William Merrill , Gail Weiss , David Chiang , Dana Angluin

We investigate the permutation property of polynomials of the form $x^{r}(x^{s} -a)^{t}$, and give the expressions of their inverses. In particular, explicit expressions of inverses of permutation polynomials $x(x^3 -a)^2$ and $x(x^2 -a)^3$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-29 Yanbin Zheng , Yuyin Yu

We consider uniform random permutations in classes having a finite combinatorial specification for the substitution decomposition. These classes include (but are not limited to) all permutation classes with a finite number of simple…

Any permutation has a disjoint cycle decomposition and concept generates an equivalence class on the symmetry group called the cycle-type. The main focus of this work is on permutations of restricted cycle-types, with particular emphasis on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-11 Tewodros Amdeberhan , Victor H. Moll