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We introduce a novel visual tokenization framework that embeds a provable PCA-like structure into the latent token space. While existing visual tokenizers primarily optimize for reconstruction fidelity, they often neglect the structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xin Wen , Bingchen Zhao , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng , Xiaojuan Qi

Modern vision pipelines increasingly rely on pretrained image encoders whose representations are reused across tasks and models, yet these representations are often overcomplete and model-specific. We propose a simple, training-free method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Dylan B. Lewis , Jens Gregor , Hector Santos-Villalobos

The joint understanding of vision and language has been recently gaining a lot of attention in both the Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities, with the emergence of tasks such as image captioning, image-text matching,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Matteo Stefanini , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Representation learning is the foundation of natural language processing (NLP). This work presents new methods to employ visual information as assistant signals to general NLP tasks. For each sentence, we first retrieve a flexible number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Kehai Chen , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Unlabeled data is often used to learn representations which can be used to supplement baseline features in a supervised learner. For example, for text applications where the words lie in a very high dimensional space (the size of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Paramveer Dhillon , Jordan Rodu , Dean Foster , Lyle Ungar

Embeddings are an important tool for the representation of word meaning. Their effectiveness rests on the distributional hypothesis: words that occur in the same context carry similar semantic information. Here, we adapt this approach to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Matthias S. Treder , Juan Mayor-Torres , Christoph Teufel

Multimodal language models attempt to incorporate non-linguistic features for the language modeling task. In this work, we extend a standard recurrent neural network (RNN) language model with features derived from videos. We train our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Antonios Anastasopoulos , Shankar Kumar , Hank Liao

Visual Question Answering (VQA) attracts much attention from both industry and academia. As a multi-modality task, it is challenging since it requires not only visual and textual understanding, but also the ability to align cross-modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Peixi Xiong , Quanzeng You , Pei Yu , Zicheng Liu , Ying Wu

This paper presents a scalable method for integrating compositional morphological representations into a vector-based probabilistic language model. Our approach is evaluated in the context of log-bilinear language models, rendered suitably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-05-19 Jan A. Botha , Phil Blunsom

Recently, vision-language joint representation learning has proven to be highly effective in various scenarios. In this paper, we specifically adapt vision-language joint learning for scene text detection, a task that intrinsically involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Sibo Song , Jianqiang Wan , Zhibo Yang , Jun Tang , Wenqing Cheng , Xiang Bai , Cong Yao

Categorical compositional distributional semantics is an approach to modelling language that combines the success of vector-based models of meaning with the compositional power of formal semantics. However, this approach was developed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Martha Lewis

Compositional reasoning is a hallmark of human visual intelligence. Yet, despite the size of large vision-language models, they struggle to represent simple compositions by combining objects with their attributes. To measure this lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Arijit Ray , Filip Radenovic , Abhimanyu Dubey , Bryan A. Plummer , Ranjay Krishna , Kate Saenko

We develop an approach to learning visual representations that embraces multimodal data, driven by a combination of intra- and inter-modal similarity preservation objectives. Unlike existing visual pre-training methods, which solve a proxy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Xin Yuan , Zhe Lin , Jason Kuen , Jianming Zhang , Yilin Wang , Michael Maire , Ajinkya Kale , Baldo Faieta

Current autoregressive Vision Language Models (VLMs) usually rely on a large number of visual tokens to represent images, resulting in a need for more compute especially at inference time. To address this problem, we propose Mask-LLaVA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Soumya Jahagirdar , Walid Bousselham , Anna Kukleva , Hilde Kuehne

Image-based Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture (I-JEPA) offers a promising approach to visual self-supervised learning through masked feature prediction. However with the inherent visual uncertainty at masked positions, feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Chen Huang , Xianhang Li , Vimal Thilak , Etai Littwin , Josh Susskind

Autoregressive models excel in sequential modeling and have proven to be effective for vision-language data. However, the spatial nature of visual signals conflicts with the sequential dependencies of next-token prediction, leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiamian Wang , Ziqi Zhou , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Sohail Dianat , Majid Rabbani , Raghuveer Rao , Chen Qiu , Zhiqiang Tao

Understanding images and text together is an important aspect of cognition and building advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. As a community, we have achieved good benchmarks over language and vision domains separately, however…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful tools for processing and understanding text and images. We study the processing of visual tokens in the language model component of LLaVA, a prominent VLM. Our approach focuses on analyzing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Clement Neo , Luke Ong , Philip Torr , Mor Geva , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

In vision-and-language grounding problems, fine-grained representations of the image are considered to be of paramount importance. Most of the current systems incorporate visual features and textual concepts as a sketch of an image.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Fenglin Liu , Yuanxin Liu , Xuancheng Ren , Xiaodong He , Xu Sun

Designing powerful tools that support cooking activities has rapidly gained popularity due to the massive amounts of available data, as well as recent advances in machine learning that are capable of analyzing them. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Micael Carvalho , Rémi Cadène , David Picard , Laure Soulier , Nicolas Thome , Matthieu Cord