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It is known that the spontaneous time translation symmetry breaking can occur in systems periodically driven at a certain period. We predict a spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in an atom-cavity system without external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 T. T. Sergeev , A. A. Zyablovsky , E. S. Andrianov , Yu. E. Lozovik

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is responsible for the rich phenomena in equilibrium physics. Driving a system out-of-equilibrium can significantly enrich the possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking, which occurs not only in space, but…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-06 Mingxi Yue , Zi Cai

Exploring continuous time crystals (CTCs) within the symmetric subspace of spin systems has been a subject of intensive research in recent times. Thus far, the stability of the time-crystal phase outside the symmetric subspace in such spin…

Discrete time crystals are periodically driven systems characterized by a response with periodicity $nT$, with $T$ the period of the drive and $n>1$. Typically, $n$ is an integer and bounded from above by the dimension of the local (or…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-04-27 Andrea Pizzi , Johannes Knolle , Andreas Nunnenkamp

We show the emergence of Floquet time crystal (FTC) phases in the Floquet dynamics of periodically driven $p$-spin models, which describe a collection of spin-1/2 particles with all-to-all $p$-body interactions. Given the mean-field nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-14 Manuel H. Muñoz-Arias , Karthik Chinni , Pablo M. Poggi

Continuous time crystal (CTC) and quasi-crystal (CTQC) are two novel phases of matter characterized by the spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry. To date, realizations of CTCs with periodic oscillations have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Ying Huang , Tishuo Wang , Haochuan Yin , Min Jiang , Zhihuang Luo , Xinhua Peng

We study discrete time crystal formation in a system driven periodically by an oscillating atomic mirror, consisting of two distinct ultracold atomic clouds in the presence of a gravitational field. The intra-species interactions are weak…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2025-06-30 Weronika Golletz , Krzysztof Sacha

Crystals form regular and robust structures that under extreme conditions can melt and recrystallize into different arrangements in a process that is called crystal metamorphism. While crystals exist due to the breaking of a continuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Victor M. Bastidas , Marta P. Estarellas , Tomo Osada , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

We investigate how symmetries and conserved quantities relate to the occurrence of the boundary time crystal (BTC) phase in a generalized spin model with Lindblad dissipation. BTCs are a non-equilibrium phase of matter in which the system,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Giulia Piccitto , Matteo Wauters , Franco Nori , Nathan Shammah

Time crystals are many-body systems whose ground state spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry and thus exhibits long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Using hydrodynamics, we have recently shown how an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-15 R. Hurtado-Gutiérrez , C. Pérez-Espigares , P. I. Hurtado

Time crystals form when arbitrary physical states of a periodically driven system spontaneously break discrete time-translation symmetry. We introduce one-dimensional time-crystalline topological superconductors, for which time-translation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Aaron Chew , David F. Mross , Jason Alicea

In this PhD thesis, I investigate the properties of symmetry-breaking dynamical phase transitions that manifest in the fluctuations of time-integrated observables within classical systems. In particular, I analyze how these phase…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-08 Rubén Hurtado-Gutiérrez

Discrete time crystals (DTC) have been demonstrated experimentally in several different quantum systems in the past few years. Spin couplings and cavity losses have been shown to play crucial roles for realizing DTC order in open many-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-03 Zhengda Hu , Xingyu Gao , Tongcang Li

Time crystals are a nonequilibrium phase of matter that extend fundamental spontaneous symmetry breaking into the temporal dimension, typically requiring external driving for their realization. Here, we explore the nonequilibrium phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Shu Yang , Zeqing Wang , Libin Fu , Jianwen Jie

Time crystals are classified into discrete time crystals and continuous time crystals based on whether they spontaneously break time-translation symmetry. Continuous-time crystals do not require external driving. By introducing AdS/CFT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Ximo Wang , Qiwei Han , Zhenqi Bai , Hongyan Fan , Yichi Zhang

Open physical systems with balanced loss and gain, described by non-Hermitian parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) reflection symmetric Hamiltonians, exhibit a transition which could engenders modes that exponentially decay or grow with time and…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-02-27 Jiaming Li , Andrew K. Harter , Ji Liu , Leonardo de Melo , Yogesh N. Joglekar , Le Luo

Time crystals constitute a novel phase of matter defined by the spontaneous breaking of timetranslation symmetry. Here we present a scheme to realize a continuous-time crystal of the vibrational phonon in the normal mode of two coupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Yi-Ling Zhan , Chun-Fu Liu , J. -T. Bu , K. -F Cui , S. -L. Su , L. -L. Yan , Gang Chen

A spacetime crystal is a phase of matter that spontaneously develops periodic order in both space and time. Spacetime crystals have been experimentally observed in microscopic quantum many-body systems and, very recently, in a mesoscopic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-11 Guoqing Liu , Jimin Bai , Matteo Baggioli , Jie Zhang

Time crystal is a class of non-equilibrium phases with broken time-translational symmetry. Here we demonstrate the time crystal in a single-mode nonlinear cavity. The time crystal originates from the self-oscillation induced by a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Yaohua Li , Chenyang Wang , Yuanjiang Tang , Yong-Chun Liu

The symmetries that govern the laws of nature can be spontaneously broken, enabling the occurrence of ordered states. Crystals arise from the breaking of translation symmetry, magnets from broken spin rotation symmetry and massive particles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-29 Jasper van Wezel