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In some bicategories, the 1-cells are `morphisms' between the 0-cells, such as functors between categories, but in others they are `objects' over the 0-cells, such as bimodules, spans, distributors, or parametrized spectra. Many…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-03-15 Michael A. Shulman

We solve the word problem for free double categories without equations between generators by translating it to the word problem for 2-categories. This yields a quadratic algorithm deciding the equality of diagrams in a free double category.…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Antonin Delpeuch

Enrichment and internal categories are two different way to generalize the notion of category. As such, enriching double categories (which are categories internal to Cat) is not a clear concepts. One can look at the internal categories of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-25 Flavien Breuvart

Category theory unifies mathematical concepts, aiding comparisons across structures by incorporating objects and morphisms, which capture their interactions. It has influenced areas of computer science such as automata theory, functional…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Nima Rasekh , Niels van der Weide , Benedikt Ahrens , Paige Randall North

This note informally describes a way to build certain cubical n-categories by iterating a process of taking models of certain finite limits theories. We base this discussion on a construction of "double bicategories" as bicategories…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-01-18 Jeffrey C. Morton

A completeness conjecture is advanced concerning the free small-colimit completion P(A) of a (possibly large) category A. The conjecture is based on the existence of a small generating-cogenerating set of objects in A. We sketch how the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Brian J. Day

A new approach to the construction of general persistent polyhierarchical classifications is proposed. It is based on implicit description of category polyhierarchy by a generating polyhierarchy of classification criteria. Similarly to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Pavel Babikov , Oleg Gontcharov , Maria Babikova

Category theory is a branch of mathematics that provides a formal framework for understanding the relationship between mathematical structures. To this end, a category not only incorporates the data of the desired objects, but also…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Niels van der Weide , Nima Rasekh , Benedikt Ahrens , Paige Randall North

The clustering of categories in a multivariate categorical data set is investigated, where the problem separates into that of merging categories of the same variables (i.e., within-variable categories), and combining categories of different…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-22 Michael Greenacre , Maurizio Vichi

The coloring problem is studied in the paper for graph classes defined by two small forbidden induced subgraphs. We prove some sufficient conditions for effective solvability of the problem in such classes. As their corollary we determine…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-07-02 Dmitriy Malyshev

Many structures of interest in two-dimensional category theory have aspects that are inherently strict. This strictness is not a limitation, but rather plays a fundamental role in the theory of such structures. For instance, a monoidal…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Nathanael Arkor , John Bourke , Joanna Ko

Abstract inner automorphisms can be used to promote any category into a 2-category, and we study two-dimensional limits and colimits in the resulting 2-categories. Existing connected colimits and limits in the starting category become…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Pieter Hofstra , Martti Karvonen

This document is centered around a main idea: simplicial categories, by which we mean simplicial objects in the category of categories, can be treated as a two-fold categorical structure and their double category theory is homotopically…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Redi , Haderi

A compact closed bicategory is a symmetric monoidal bicategory where every object is equipped with a weak dual. The unit and counit satisfy the usual "zig-zag" identities of a compact closed category only up to natural isomorphism, and the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-22 Michael Stay

Applying geometric methods of $2$-dimensional cell complex theory, we construct a Galois covering of a bimodule problem satisfying some structure, triangularity and finiteness conditions in order to describe the objects of finite…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Vyacheslav Babych , Nataliya Golovashchuk

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

We relativise double categories of relations to stable orthogonal factorisation systems. Furthermore, we present the characterisation of the relative double categories of relations in two ways. The first utilises a generalised comprehension…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Keisuke Hoshino , Hayato Nasu

Polynomial functors are a categorical generalization of the usual notion of polynomial, which has found many applications in higher categories and type theory: those are generated by polynomials consisting a set of monomials built from sets…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Eric Finster , Samuel Mimram , Maxime Lucas , Thomas Seiller

Products in double categories, as found in cartesian double categories, are an elegant concept with numerous applications, yet also have a few puzzling aspects. In this paper, we revisit double-categorical products from an unbiased…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Evan Patterson

We fix any bicategory $\mathscr{A}$ together with a class of morphisms $\mathbf{W}_{\mathscr{A}}$, such that there is a bicategory of fractions $\mathscr{A}[\mathbf{W}_{\mathscr{A}}^{-1}]$. Given another such pair…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-24 Matteo Tommasini