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Supermassive Black Holes (BHs) are known to efficiently grow through gas accretion, but even sustained and intense mass build-up through this mechanism struggles to explain the assembly of the most massive BHs observed in the local…

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the early Universe are thought to be prominent sources of energy and ionizing photons that affected the growth of their host galaxy and their environment. However, it is still unclear how the supermassive…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-28 Junehyoung Jeon , Boyuan Liu , Volker Bromm , Steven L. Finkelstein

The innermost regions in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) were not being spatially resolved so far but spectropolarimetry can provide us insight about their hidden physics and the geometry. From spectropolarimetric observations in broad…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-04 Đ. Savić , R. Goosmann , L. Č. Popović , F. Marin , V. L. Afanasiev

Intermediate mass black holes (10^2 < M_BH< 10^5 Msun) are an open question in our understanding of black hole evolution and growth. They have long been linked to dense star cluster environments thanks to cluster dynamics, but there are a…

Most stellar evolution models predict that black holes (BHs) should not exist above approximately $50-70$ M$_\odot$, the lower limit of the pair-instability mass gap. However, recent LIGO/Virgo detections indicate the existence of BHs with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-07-07 Sanaea C. Rose , Smadar Naoz , Re'em Sari , Itai Linial

It is widely known that in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), there is a tight correlation among their radio luminosity ($L_R$), X-ray luminosity ($L_X$) and BH mass ($\mbh$), the so-called `fundamental…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-04 Lei Qian , Xiao-Bo Dong , Fu-Guo Xie , Wenjuan Liu , Di Li

We present a large sample of infrared-luminous candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that lack X-ray detections in Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR fields. We selected all optically detected SDSS sources with redshift measurements,…

We describe the general problem of estimating black hole masses of AGN by calculating the conditional probability distribution of M_BH given some set of observables. Special attention is given to the case where one uses the AGN continuum…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Brandon C. Kelly , Jill Bechtold

In order to constrain the density of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in galaxies, we run smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of a gas-rich disc dwarf galaxy, where different halo and disc populations of IMBHs are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Mapelli

We first present a short overview of X-ray probes of the black hole region of active galaxies (AGN) and then concentrate on the X-ray search for supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in optically non-active galaxies. The first part focuses on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stefanie Komossa

Over three decades of reverberation mapping (RM) studies on local broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have measured reliable black-hole (BH) masses for $> 100$ AGNs. These RM measurements reveal a significant correlation between the…

An open question remains whether Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) really contain intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). We carefully investigated the XMM-Newton EPIC spectra of the four ULXs that were claimed to be strong candidates of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Kiki Vierdayanti , Shin Mineshige , Ken Ebisawa , Toshihiro Kawaguchi

We compiled a sample of 73 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with reverberation mapping (RM) observations from RM campaigns including our ongoing campaign of monitoring super-Eddington accreting massive black holes (SEAMBHs). This sample covers…

The dense and dynamic environments within active galactic nuclei (AGN) accretion disks may serve as prolific birthplaces for binary black holes (BBHs) and one possible origin for some of the BBHs detected by gravitational-wave (GW)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-31 Samson H. W. Leong , Justin Janquart , Aditya Kumar Sharma , Paul Martens , Parameswaran Ajith , Otto A. Hannuksela

We study a large sample of dwarf galaxies using archival Chandra X-ray observations, with the aim of detecting accreting intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). IMBHs are expected to inhabit dwarf galaxies and to produce specific signatures…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 Marko Mićić , Jimmy A. Irwin , Dacheng Lin

The structure of the accretion flow onto supermassive black holes (SMBH) is not well understood. Standard disc models match to zeroth order in predicting substantial energy dissipation within optically-thick material producing a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-02 Scott Hagen , Chris Done , John D. Silverman , Junyao Li , Teng Liu , Wenke Ren , Johannes Buchner , Andrea Merloni , Tohru Nagao , Mara Salvato

The massive black hole (BH) population in dwarf galaxies ($M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 10^5~M_\odot$) can provide strong constraints on the origin of BH seeds. However, traditional optical searches for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) only reliably…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-24 M. Molina , A. E. Reines , L. J. Latimer , V. Baldassare , Sheyda Salehirad

We test a novel method for estimating black hole masses ($M_{\rm BH}$) in obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) that uses proxies to measure the full-width half maximum of broad H$\alpha$ (FWHM$_{\rm bH\alpha}$) and the accretion disk…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-01-27 S. LaMassa , I. Farrow , C. M. Urry , B. Trakhtenbrot , C. Auge , M. J. Koss , A. Peca , D. Sanders , T. J. Turner

Here we propose a mechanism for efficiently growing intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) in disks around supermassive black holes. Stellar mass objects can efficiently agglomerate when facilitated by the gas disk. Stars, compact objects and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 B. McKernan , K. E. S. Ford , W. Lyra , H. B. Perets

Our understanding of highly accreting AGNs is hampered by the lack of a complete systematic investigation in terms of their main spectral and variability properties, and by the relative paucity of them in the local Universe, especially…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-25 M. Laurenti , F. Tombesi , F. Vagnetti , E. Piconcelli , M. Guainazzi , C. Vignali , M. Paolillo , R. Middei , A. Bongiorno , L. Zappacosta
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