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Classification and localization are two pillars of visual object detectors. However, in CNN-based detectors, these two modules are usually optimized under a fixed set of candidate (or anchor) bounding boxes. This configuration significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Wei Ke , Tianliang Zhang , Zeyi Huang , Qixiang Ye , Jianzhuang Liu , Dong Huang

A new multi-attention based method for solving the MIL problem (MAMIL), which takes into account the neighboring patches or instances of each analyzed patch in a bag, is proposed. In the method, one of the attention modules takes into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is widely used in medical imaging classification to reduce the labeling effort. While only bag labels are available for training, one typically seeks predictions at both bag and instance levels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Francisco M. Castro-Macías , Pablo Morales-Álvarez , Yunan Wu , Rafael Molina , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

A new random forest based model for solving the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem under small tabular data, called Soft Tree Ensemble MIL (STE-MIL), is proposed. A new type of soft decision trees is considered, which is similar to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

Multiple instance learning (MIL) can reduce the need for costly annotation in tasks such as semantic segmentation by weakening the required degree of supervision. We propose a novel MIL formulation of multi-class semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Deepak Pathak , Evan Shelhamer , Jonathan Long , Trevor Darrell

Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a form of weakly supervised learning where a single class label is assigned to a bag of instances while the instance-level labels are not available. Training classifiers to accurately determine the bag label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Bin Li , Kevin W. Eliceiri

This document describes a novel learning algorithm that classifies "bags" of instances rather than individual instances. A bag is labeled positive if it contains at least one positive instance (which may or may not be specifically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Ramasubramanian Sundararajan , Hima Patel , Manisha Srivastava

We propose a Multi-Instance-Learning (MIL) approach for weakly-supervised learning problems, where a training set is formed by bags (sets of feature vectors or instances) and only labels at bag-level are provided. Specifically, we consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Adria Ruiz , Ognjen Rudovic , Xavier Binefa , Maja Pantic

Of late, weakly supervised object detection is with great importance in object recognition. Based on deep learning, weakly supervised detectors have achieved many promising results. However, compared with fully supervised detection, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Peng Tang , Xinggang Wang , Xiang Bai , Wenyu Liu

The paper proposes a novel multi-class Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) problem called Learning from Majority Label (LML). In LML, the majority class of instances in a bag is assigned as the bag-level label. The goal of LML is to train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shiku Kaito , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Ryoma Bise

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) involves predicting a single label for a bag of instances, given positive or negative labels at bag-level, without accessing to label for each instance in the training phase. Since a positive bag contains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Beomjo Shin , Junsu Cho , Hwanjo Yu , Seungjin Choi

Multiple Instance Learning is the predominant method for Whole Slide Image classification in digital pathology, enabling the use of slide-level labels to supervise model training. Although MIL eliminates the tedious fine-grained annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Chen Shu , Boyu Fu , Yiman Li , Ting Yin , Wenchuan Zhang , Jie Chen , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

In traditional multiple instance learning (MIL), both positive and negative bags are required to learn a prediction function. However, a high human cost is needed to know the label of each bag---positive or negative. Only positive bags…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Zhen Hu , Zhuyin Xue

We introduce an extension of the multi-instance learning problem where examples are organized as nested bags of instances (e.g., a document could be represented as a bag of sentences, which in turn are bags of words). This framework can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Alessandro Tibo , Manfred Jaeger , Paolo Frasconi

Fuzzy logic is a powerful tool to model knowledge uncertainty, measurements imprecision, and vagueness. However, there is another type of vagueness that arises when data have multiple forms of expression that fuzzy logic does not address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Amine Ben Khalifa , Hichem Frigui

In multiple instance learning, objects are sets (bags) of feature vectors (instances) rather than individual feature vectors. In this paper we address the problem of how these bags can best be represented. Two standard approaches are to use…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-12 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax , Marco Loog

In this paper, we propose the MIML (Multi-Instance Multi-Label learning) framework where an example is described by multiple instances and associated with multiple class labels. Compared to traditional learning frameworks, the MIML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-10-28 Zhi-Hua Zhou , Min-Ling Zhang , Sheng-Jun Huang , Yu-Feng Li

With the emergence of diverse data collection techniques, objects in real applications can be represented as multi-modal features. What's more, objects may have multiple semantic meanings. Multi-modal and Multi-label (MMML) problem becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Yi Zhang , Cheng Zeng , Hao Cheng , Chongjun Wang , Lei Zhang

In many real-world tasks, particularly those involving data objects with complicated semantics such as images and texts, one object can be represented by multiple instances and simultaneously be associated with multiple labels. Such tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Sheng-Jun Huang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

The Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) paradigm is attracting plenty of attention in medical imaging classification, where labeled data is scarce. MIL methods cast medical images as bags of instances (e.g. patches in whole slide images, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Francisco M. Castro-Macías , Pablo Morales-Álvarez , Yunan Wu , Rafael Molina , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos