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Motivated by the imminent growth of massive, highly redundant genomic databases, we study the problem of compressing a string database while simultaneously supporting fast random access, substring extraction and pattern matching to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-01 Travis Gagie , Paweł Gawrychowski , Christopher Hoobin , Simon J. Puglisi

Let $T$ be a string of length $n$ over an integer alphabet of size $\sigma$. In the word RAM model, $T$ can be represented in $O(n /\log_\sigma n)$ space. We show that a representation of all covers of $T$ can be computed in the optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jakub Radoszewski , Wiktor Zuba

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

Given an $n$-bit array $A$, the succinct rank data structure problem asks to construct a data structure using space $n+r$ bits for $r\ll n$, supporting rank queries of form $\mathtt{rank}(x)=\sum_{i=0}^{x-1} A[i]$. In this paper, we design…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Huacheng Yu

The problem of finding factors of a text string which are identical or similar to a given pattern string is a central problem in computer science. A generalised version of this problem consists in implementing an index over the text to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-04 Carl Barton , Tomasz Kociumaka , Solon P. Pissis , Jakub Radoszewski

The compact directed acyclic word graph (CDAWG) is the minimal compact automaton that recognizes all the suffixes of a string. Classically the CDAWG has been implemented as an index of the string it recognizes, requiring $o(n)$ space for a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Alan M. Cleary , Joseph Winjum , Jordan Dood , Shunsuke Inenaga

Given a pattern $P$ and a text $T$, both strings over a binary alphabet, the binary jumbled string matching problem consists in telling whether any permutation of $P$ occurs in $T$. The indexed version of this problem, i.e., preprocessing a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Emanuele Giaquinta , Szymon Grabowski

A rank-select index for a sequence $B=(b_1,\ldots,b_n)$ of $n$ bits is a data structure that, if provided with an operation to access $\Theta(\log n)$ arbitrary consecutive bits of $B$ in constant time (thus $B$ is stored outside of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-09-08 Tim Baumann , Torben Hagerup

We describe the first self-indexes able to count and locate pattern occurrences in optimal time within a space bounded by the size of the most popular dictionary compressors. To achieve this result we combine several recent findings,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Anders Roy Christiansen , Mikko Berggren Ettienne , Tomasz Kociumaka , Gonzalo Navarro , Nicola Prezza

We consider document listing on string collections, that is, finding in which strings a given pattern appears. In particular, we focus on repetitive collections: a collection of size $N$ over alphabet $[1,\sigma]$ is composed of $D$ copies…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Gonzalo Navarro

We revisit the complexity of building, given a two-dimensional string of size $n$, an indexing structure that allows locating all $k$ occurrences of a two-dimensional pattern of size $m$. While a structure of size $\mathcal{O}(n)$ with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Paweł Gawrychowski , Adam Górkiewicz

Given a string $S$ of $n$ symbols, a longest common extension query $\mathsf{LCE}(i,j)$ asks for the length of the longest common prefix of the $i$th and $j$th suffixes of $S$. LCE queries have several important applications in string…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-01 Yuka Tanimura , Tomohiro I , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Simon J. Puglisi , Masayuki Takeda

Pattern matching on graphs has been widely studied lately due to its importance in genomics applications. Unfortunately, even the simplest problem of deciding if a string appears as a subpath of a graph admits a quadratic lower bound under…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Nicola Rizzo , Veli Mäkinen

It is shown that every tree of size $n$ over a fixed set of $\sigma$ different ranked symbols can be decomposed (in linear time as well as in logspace) into $O\big(\frac{n}{\log_\sigma n}\big) = O\big(\frac{n \log \sigma}{\log n}\big)$ many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-22 Moses Ganardi , Danny Hucke , Artur Jez , Markus Lohrey , Eric Noeth

Nishimoto and Tabei [CPM, 2021] proposed r-enum, an algorithm to enumerate various characteristic substrings, including maximal repeats, in a string $T$ of length $n$ in $O(r)$ words of compressed working space, where $r \le n$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Kotaro Kimura , Tomohiro I

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to combine \emph{compact directed acyclic word graphs} (CDAWGs) and grammar-based compression. This leads us to an efficient self-index, called Linear-size CDAWGs (L-CDAWGs), which can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Takuya Takagi , Keisuke Goto , Yuta Fujishige , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hiroki Arimura

A Random Access query to a string $T\in [0..\sigma)^n$ asks for the character $T[i]$ at a given position $i\in [0..n)$. In $O(n\log\sigma)$ bits of space, this fundamental task admits constant-time queries. While this is optimal in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anouk Duyster , Tomasz Kociumaka

Recent work by Elmasry et al. (STACS 2015) and Asano et al. (ISAAC 2014), reconsidered classical fundamental graph algorithms focusing on improving the space complexity. We continue this line of work focusing on space. Our first result is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Niranka Banerjee , Sankardeep Chakraborty , Venkatesh Raman , Srinivasa Rao Satti

The $r$-index (Gagie et al., JACM 2020) represented a breakthrough in compressed indexing of repetitive text collections, outperforming its alternatives by orders of magnitude. Its space usage, $\mathcal{O}(r)$ where $r$ is the number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Dustin Cobas , Travis Gagie , Gonzalo Navarro

Important papers have appeared recently on the problem of indexing binary strings for jumbled pattern matching, and further lowering the time bounds in terms of the input size would now be a breakthrough with broad implications. We can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Luís Cunha , Simone Dantas , Travis Gagie , Roland Wittler , Luis Kowada , Jens Stoye