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The rank and select operations over a string of length n from an alphabet of size $\sigma$ have been used widely in the design of succinct data structures. In many applications, the string itself need be maintained dynamically, allowing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-06-25 Meng He , J. Ian Munro

The boom of genomic sequencing makes compression of set of sequences inescapable. This underlies the need for multi-string indexing data structures that helps compressing the data. The most prominent example of such data structures is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Bastien Cazaux , Eric Rivals

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a string transformation technique widely used in areas such as bioinformatics and file compression. Many applications combine a run-length encoding (RLE) with the BWT in a way which preserves the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Lily Major , Amanda Clare , Jacqueline W. Daykin , Benjamin Mora , Christine Zarges

In this work, we study the limits of compressed data structures, i.e., structures that support various queries on an input text $T\in\Sigma^n$ using space proportional to the size of $T$ in compressed form. Nearly all fundamental queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

A classic data structure problem is to preprocess a string T of length $n$ so that, given a query $q$, we can quickly find all substrings of T with Hamming distance at most $k$ from the query string. Variants of this problem have seen…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jackson Bibbens , Levi Borevitz , Samuel McCauley

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) of a string is an invertible permutation of the string, which can be used for data compression and compact indexes for string pattern matching. Ganguly et al. [SODA, 2017] introduced the parameterized BWT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Shogen Kawanami , Kento Iseri , Tomohiro I

We present linear-space data structures for several frequency queries on trees, namely: path mode, path least frequent element, and path $\alpha$-minority queries. We present the first linear-space data structures, requiring $O(n…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ovidiu Rata

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a well studied text transformation widely used in data compression and text indexing. The BWT of two strings can also provide similarity measures between them, based on the observation that the more…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Felipe A. Louza , Guilherme P. Telles , Simon Gog , Liang Zhao

The Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT) is a reversible string transformation which plays a central role in text compression and is fundamental in many modern bioinformatics applications. The BWT is a permutation of the characters, which is in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Sara Giuliani , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Romeo Rizzi

The weighted ancestor problem on a rooted node-weighted tree $T$ is a generalization of the classic predecessor problem: construct a data structure for a set of integers that supports fast predecessor queries. Both problems are known to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Philip Bille , Yakov Nekrich , Solon P. Pissis

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is an invertible text transformation that permutes symbols of a text according to the lexicographical order of its suffixes. BWT is the main component of popular lossless compression programs (such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

Given a string $T$ on an alphabet of size $\sigma$, we describe a bidirectional Burrows-Wheeler index that takes $O(|T|\log{\sigma})$ bits of space, and that supports the addition \emph{and removal} of one character, on the left or right…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Fabio Cunial , Djamal Belazzougui

A parameterized string (p-string) is a string over an alphabet $(\Sigma_{s} \cup \Sigma_{p})$, where $\Sigma_{s}$ and $\Sigma_{p}$ are disjoint alphabets for static symbols (s-symbols) and for parameter symbols (p-symbols), respectively.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Kento Iseri , Tomohiro I , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

We study the fundamental question of how efficiently suffix array entries can be accessed when the array cannot be stored explicitly. The suffix array $SA_T[1..n]$ of a text $T$ of length $n$ encodes the lexicographic order of its suffixes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

The directed acyclic word graph (DAWG) of a string $y$ of length $n$ is the smallest (partial) DFA which recognizes all suffixes of $y$ with only $O(n)$ nodes and edges. In this paper, we show how to construct the DAWG for the input string…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Yuta Fujishige , Yuki Tsujimaru , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is integral to the FM-index, which is used extensively in text compression, indexing, pattern search, and bioinformatic problems as de novo assembly and read alignment. Thus, efficient construction of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel , Cederic Alexander Steininger

Advances in DNA sequencing technology have stimulated the development of algorithms and tools for processing very large collections of short strings (reads). Short-read alignment and assembly are among the most well-studied problems. Many…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2014-01-30 Chi-Man Liu , Ruibang Luo , Tak-Wah Lam

In this paper, we show that the LZ77 factorization of a text T {\in\Sigma^n} can be computed in O(R log n) bits of working space and O(n log R) time, R being the number of runs in the Burrows-Wheeler transform of T reversed. For extremely…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-22 Nicola Prezza , Alberto Policriti

In this paper, we describe a new type of match between a pattern and a text that aren't necessarily maximal in the query, but still contain useful matching information: locally maximal exact matches (LEMs). There are usually a large amount…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ahsan Sanaullah , Degui Zhi , Shaojie Zhang

Consider an input text string T[1,N] drawn from an unbounded alphabet. We study partial computation in suffix-based problems for Data Compression and Text Indexing such as (I) retrieve any segment of K<=N consecutive symbols from the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-10-18 Gianni Franceschini , Roberto Grossi , S. Muthukrishnan